Figure 4. Maternal exposure to both early life stressors increased the time their offspring spent away from the home cage in the novel environment.

Mean time spent in zone 3 for the offspring of mothers exposed to pre- and post-natal control treatments (MatPreCtrl/MatPostCtrl, empty white bar), of mothers exposed to pre-natal control and post-natal stress treatments (MatPreCtrl/MatPostFood-, striped white bar), of mothers exposed to pre-natal stress and post-natal control treatments (MatPreCort/MatPostCtrl, empty black bar) and of mothers exposed to both pre- and post-natal stress treatments (MatPreCort/MatPostFood-, striped black bar). Values are means ± SEM. Different letters indicate significant differences.