Table 5.
Descriptive statistics by land sale market participation.
| Niger |
Uganda |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autarky or sold | Purchased | Autarky or sold | Purchased | |||
| Basic household characteristics | ||||||
| Share of landless | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.00 | ⁎⁎⁎ | |
| Share agric. Cultivators | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.00 | ⁎⁎ | |
| Household size | 6.79 | 7.80 | ⁎⁎⁎ | 6.00 | 6.39 | ⁎ |
| Adults (14–60) | 3.05 | 3.41 | ⁎ | 3.19 | 3.04 | |
| Kids (<14) | 3.49 | 4.25 | ⁎⁎⁎ | 2.81 | 3.35 | ⁎⁎⁎ |
| Old people (>60) | 0.24 | 0.15 | ⁎ | 0.35 | 0.13 | ⁎⁎⁎ |
| Female head | 0.08 | 0.02 | ⁎ | 0.31 | 0.19 | ⁎⁎⁎ |
| Age of head | 44.98 | 42.65 | 48.04 | 40.86 | ⁎⁎⁎ | |
| Head never attended school | 0.51 | 0.38 | ⁎⁎ | 0.17 | 0.11 | ⁎⁎ |
| Head has primary | 0.44 | 0.54 | ⁎ | 0.58 | 0.52 | ⁎ |
| Head has more than primary | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.29 | ⁎⁎⁎ | |
| Consumption (USD) | 2504.52 | 3709.88 | ⁎⁎⁎ | 1067.99 | 1332.51 | ⁎⁎⁎ |
| Has members who migrated in | 0.16 | 0.28 | ⁎⁎⁎ | |||
| Has members who migrated out | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.08 | 0.10 | ||
| Share of rural household | 0.86 | 0.79 | ⁎ | 0.88 | 0.88 | |
| Income and its sources | ||||||
| Mean household gross income (USD) | 1381.66 | 1772.24 | ⁎⁎⁎ | 1155.10 | 1639.64 | ⁎⁎⁎ |
| Share from crops | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.46 | 0.44 | ||
| Share from livestock | 0.17 | 0.21 | ⁎ | 0.19 | 0.17 | |
| Share from age wage | 0.02 | 0.00 | ⁎⁎ | 0.06 | 0.06 | |
| Share from non-age wage | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.14 | ⁎⁎ | |
| Share from self employment | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.17 | ⁎⁎ | |
| Share from transfer | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.03 | ⁎⁎⁎ | |
| Gross income per capita (USD) | 308.60 | 327.16 | 255.84 | 390.18 | ||
| Gross inc. from crops (USD/ha) | 269.25 | 209.32 | 528.80 | 697.97 | ⁎ | |
| Net inc. from crops (USD/ha) | 230.11 | 119.68 | 268.19 | 379.12 | ⁎⁎⁎ | |
| Land endowments | ||||||
| Owned area/adult (14–60) five years ago | 1.94 | 1.09 | ⁎⁎⁎ | 0.65 | 0.30 | ⁎⁎⁎ |
| Owned area/adult (14–60) | 1.93 | 1.96 | 0.54 | 0.47 | ||
| No. of plots owned five years ago | 2.20 | 1.68 | ⁎⁎ | 1.69 | 1.26 | ⁎⁎⁎ |
| No. of plots owned | 2.70 | 3.75 | ⁎⁎⁎ | 1.80 | 2.58 | ⁎⁎⁎ |
| Owned area ha five years ago | 4.43 | 2.72 | ⁎⁎⁎ | 1.38 | 0.70 | ⁎⁎⁎ |
| Owned area ha | 5.15 | 5.62 | 1.46 | 1.31 | ||
| Operated area ha | 5.16 | 5.33 | 1.41 | 1.35 | ||
| Operated area/adult (14–60) | 1.93 | 1.81 | 0.51 | 0.49 | ||
| Has any type of document | 0.09 | 0.46 | ⁎⁎⁎ | 0.16 | 0.43 | ⁎⁎⁎ |
| Share of plots with gender of manager | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.97 | ||
| Male manager | 0.53 | 0.68 | ⁎⁎⁎ | 0.10 | 0.06 | |
| Joint manager | 0.36 | 0.24 | ⁎⁎ | 0.51 | 0.58 | ⁎ |
| Female manager | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.39 | 0.35 | ||
| Share of plots with gender of owner | 0.78 | 0.90 | 0.98 | 0.99 | ||
| Male owner | 0.58 | 0.73 | ⁎⁎⁎ | 0.25 | 0.31 | ⁎⁎ |
| Joint owner | 0.26 | 0.11 | ⁎⁎⁎ | 0.45 | 0.52 | ⁎⁎ |
| Female owner | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.30 | 0.16 | ⁎⁎⁎ | |
| Production | ||||||
| Gross inc. from crops (USD) | 513.49 | 611.57 | 394.94 | 510.19 | ⁎⁎⁎ | |
| Gross inc. per capita from crops (USD) | 117.60 | 115.12 | 89.96 | 118.71 | ||
| # of days by family members | 148.73 | 213.67 | ⁎⁎⁎ | 233.37 | 249.44 | |
| Value of days by hired labor (USD) | 39.17 | 116.05 | ⁎⁎⁎ | 28.65 | 45.97 | ⁎⁎⁎ |
| Value of used fertilizer (USD) | 44.90 | 64.66 | 6.89 | 24.03 | ⁎⁎⁎ | |
| Assets | ||||||
| Value of agricultural assets (USD) | 481.79 | 536.08 | ⁎ | 24.64 | 23.03 | |
| Value of animals (USD) | 482.48 | 686.53 | ⁎⁎ | 366.97 | 392.27 | |
| Value of durable goods (USD) | 4348.33 | 5856.95 | ⁎⁎⁎ | 2607.45 | 6145.21 | |
| Geo variables | ||||||
| Share of non-age wage income (EA level) | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.10 | ||
| Population density (persons/sq. km) | 48.43 | 65.09 | 265.21 | 300.51 | ||
| Distance to the nearest major road (km) | 12.92 | 12.90 | 8.08 | 7.87 | ||
| Light intensity | 101.14 | 140.93 | 61.11 | 107.71 | ⁎ | |
| Urban gravity | 41.58 | 35.30 | 52.07 | 64.05 | ||
| No. of households | 2182 | 81 | 1924 | 205 | ||
Note: Tests of differences of means between lessees and non lessees are reported with
⁎
Significant at 10%.
⁎⁎
Significant at 5%.
⁎⁎⁎
Significant at 1%.