Table A4.
Summary statistics of the variables used in the multinomial logit model.
| Variable | Obs | Mean | Std. Dev. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ethiopia | |||
| Log of euclidean distance 20k | 3,969 | 3.34 | 0.80 |
| Log of euclidean distance 100k | 3,969 | 4.45 | 0.81 |
| Log of euclidean distance 500k | 3,969 | 5.43 | 0.56 |
| Log of euclidean distance 1000k | 3,969 | 5.51 | 0.59 |
| Aridity | 3,969 | 0.71 | 0.23 |
| Ag wealth index | 3,969 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Wealth index (non Ag) | 3,969 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Infrastructure index | 3,969 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Labor force in the HH | 3,969 | 2.95 | 1.45 |
| Female share of labor force | 3,969 | 0.52 | 0.31 |
| Female household head | 3,969 | 0.22 | 0.41 |
| Household head age | 3,969 | 44.30 | 15.84 |
| Household head years of education | 3,969 | 1.79 | 3.06 |
| Household size | 3,969 | 5.11 | 2.26 |
| Land owned, Ha | 3,969 | 4.09 | 6.19 |
| Specialization/Diversification | |||
| Diversified | 3,812 | 13.72% | 0.30 |
| Specialized in Farm activities | 3,969 | 68.48% | 0.43 |
| Specialized in Ag wage | 3,812 | 2.40% | 0.10 |
| Specialized in Non Ag wage | 3,812 | 3.80% | 0.11 |
| Specialized in Self-employment | 3,969 | 7.36% | 0.15 |
| Specialized in other income activities | 3,969 | 4.24% | 0.12 |
| Malawi | |||
| Log of Euclidean Distance 20k | 9,816 | 3.42 | 0.64 |
| Log of Euclidean Distance 100k | 9,816 | 4.08 | 0.64 |
| Log of Euclidean Distance 500k | 9,816 | 4.30 | 0.83 |
| Log of Euclidean Distance 1000k | 9,816 | 6.34 | 0.14 |
| Aridity | 9,800 | 0.68 | 0.17 |
| Ag wealth index | 9,816 | 0.00 | 0.70 |
| Wealth index (non Ag) | 9,816 | 0.00 | 0.99 |
| Infrastructure index | 9,816 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Labor force in the HH | 9,816 | 2.11 | 1.18 |
| Female share of labor force | 9,816 | 0.47 | 0.31 |
| Female household head | 9,816 | 0.25 | 0.43 |
| Household head age | 9,816 | 42.89 | 16.78 |
| Household head years of education | 9,816 | 5.35 | 3.51 |
| Household size | 9,816 | 4.60 | 2.18 |
| Land owned, Ha | 9,816 | 0.60 | 0.50 |
| Specialization/Diversification | 9,816 | ||
| Diversified | 9,816 | 35.92% | 0.48 |
| Specialized in farm activities | 9,816 | 44.04% | 0.50 |
| Specialized in Ag wage | 9,816 | 7.78% | 0.28 |
| Specialized in non Ag wage | 9,816 | 6.69% | 0.25 |
| Specialized in self-employment | 9,816 | 3.50% | 0.18 |
| Specialized in other income activities | 9,816 | 2.07% | 0.14 |
| Niger | |||
| Log of Euclidean Distance 20k | 2,409 | 3.79 | 0.64 |
| Log of Euclidean Distance 100k | 2,409 | 4.42 | 0.59 |
| Log of Euclidean Distance 500k | 2,409 | 5.13 | 0.43 |
| Log of Euclidean Distance 1000k | 2,409 | 5.35 | 0.53 |
| Aridity | 2,409 | 0.19 | 0.05 |
| Ag wealth index | 2,409 | 0.00 | 0.98 |
| Wealth index (non Ag) | 2,409 | 0.00 | 0.94 |
| Infrastructure index | 2,409 | -0.01 | 0.98 |
| Labor force in the HH | 2,409 | 0.96 | 0.18 |
| Female share of labor force | 2,409 | 0.94 | 0.23 |
| Female household head | 2,409 | 0.10 | 0.30 |
| Household head age | 2,409 | 44.61 | 15.14 |
| Household head years of education | 2,409 | 1.37 | 3.55 |
| Household size | 2,409 | 6.42 | 3.46 |
| Land owned, Ha | 1,978 | 4.17 | 3.88 |
| Specialization/Diversification | |||
| Diversified | 2,409 | 46.27% | 0.50 |
| Specialized in farm activities | 2,409 | 37.90% | 0.49 |
| Specialized in Ag wage | 2,409 | 0.46% | 0.07 |
| Specialized in non Ag wage | 2,409 | 2.23% | 0.15 |
| Specialized in self-employment | 2,409 | 10.47% | 0.31 |
| Specialized in other income activities | 2,409 | 2.66% | 0.16 |
| Nigeria | |||
| Log of Euclidean Distance 20k | 3,177 | 3.06 | 1.06 |
| Log of Euclidean Distance 100k | 3,177 | 3.58 | 0.90 |
| Log of Euclidean Distance 500k | 3,177 | 4.35 | 0.79 |
| Log of Euclidean Distance 1000k | 3,177 | 4.88 | 0.71 |
| Aridity | 3,177 | 0.83 | 0.46 |
| Ag wealth index | 3,177 | 0.00 | 1.02 |
| Wealth index (non Ag) | 3,157 | 0.00 | 0.99 |
| Infrastructure Index | 2,691 | 0.00 | 0.96 |
| Labor force in the HH | 3,177 | 3.20 | 2.10 |
| Female share of labor force | 3,177 | 0.50 | 0.27 |
| Female household head | 3,177 | 0.14 | 0.35 |
| Household head age | 3,169 | 50.41 | 15.77 |
| Household head years of education | 3,102 | 4.86 | 5.18 |
| Household size | 3,177 | 5.84 | 3.13 |
| Land owned, Ha | 3,177 | 0.49 | 2.05 |
| Specialization/Diversification | |||
| Diversified | 3,112 | 20.33% | 0.40 |
| Specialized in farm activities | 3,112 | 48.80% | 0.50 |
| Specialized in Ag wage | 3112 | 0.35% | 0.06 |
| Specialized in NON Ag wage | 3,112 | 7.88% | 0.27 |
| Specialized in self-employment | 3,112 | 21.85% | 0.41 |
| Specialized in other income activities | 3,112 | 0.79% | 0.08 |
| Tanzania | |||
| Log of Euclidean Distance 20k | 2,008 | 3.42 | 0.86 |
| Log of Euclidean Distance 100k | 2,008 | 4.26 | 0.84 |
| Log of Euclidean Distance 500k | 2,008 | 5.51 | 0.74 |
| Log of Euclidean Distance 1000k | 2,008 | 5.90 | 0.59 |
| Aridity | 2,008 | 0.67 | 0.23 |
| Ag wealth index | 2,006 | 0.00 | 1.01 |
| Wealth index (non Ag) | 2,006 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Infrastructure index | 2,008 | -0.13 | 0.86 |
| Labor force in the HH | 2,008 | 2.52 | 1.56 |
| Female share of labor force | 2,008 | 0.51 | 0.27 |
| Female household head | 2,008 | 0.24 | 0.43 |
| Household head age | 2,008 | 47.22 | 15.92 |
| Household head years of education | 1,982 | 4.48 | 3.40 |
| Household size | 2,008 | 5.44 | 2.92 |
| Land owned, Ha | 2,008 | 1.60 | 1.79 |
| Specialization/Diversification | |||
| Diversified | 2,008 | 34.85% | 0.48 |
| Specialized in farm activities | 2,008 | 52.99% | 0.50 |
| Specialized in Ag wage | 2,008 | 0.67% | 0.08 |
| Specialized in non Ag wage | 2,008 | 2.95% | 0.17 |
| Specialized in self-employment | 2,008 | 4.53% | 0.21 |
| Specialized in other income activities | 2,008 | 4.02% | 0.20 |
| Uganda | |||
| Log of Euclidean Distance 20k | 2,629 | 2.73 | 1.14 |
| Log of Euclidean Distance 100k | 2,629 | 4.15 | 1.18 |
| Log of Euclidean Distance 500k | 2,629 | 4.72 | 1.22 |
| Log of Euclidean Distance 1000k | 2,629 | 4.83 | 1.26 |
| Aridity | 2,605 | 0.73 | 0.11 |
| Ag wealth index | 2,672 | 0.00 | 1.66 |
| Wealth index (non Ag) | 2,688 | -0.15 | 1.10 |
| Infrastructure index | 2,687 | 0.00 | 0.90 |
| Labor force in the HH | 2,688 | 2.38 | 1.49 |
| Female share of labor force | 2,688 | 0.50 | 0.30 |
| Female household head | 2,688 | 0.30 | 0.46 |
| Household head age | 2,687 | 43.64 | 15.90 |
| Household head years of education | 2,686 | 4.47 | 4.04 |
| Household size | 2,688 | 5.13 | 2.88 |
| Land owned, Ha | 2688 | 1.65 | 11.11 |
| Specialization/Diversification | |||
| Diversified | 2,607 | 35.39% | 0.48 |
| Specialized in farm activities | 2,607 | 33.65% | 0.47 |
| Specialized in Ag wage | 2,607 | 2.81% | 0.17 |
| Specialized in non Ag wage | 2,607 | 11.61% | 0.32 |
| Specialized in self-employment | 2,607 | 12.44% | 0.33 |
| Specialized in other income activities | 2,591 | 4.10% | 0.19 |