Table 2.

Descriptive statistics for key study variables.

Variables	2010		2012
	Mean	Std. dev.	Mean	Std. dev.
Household adult equivalency units (units)	5.88	2.74	6.27	2.99
Male plot manager (1/0)	0.95	0.21	0.96	0.20
Hired labor (1/0)	0.50	0.50	0.49	0.50
Any household member could sell land (1/0)	0.78	0.42	0.80	0.40
Age of plot manager (years)	47.18	13.86	47.18	13.89
Owned household assets (Thousand Naira)	136.83	242.81	101.78	155.26
Area planted (hectares)	1.35	1.69	1.23	1.27
Nitrogen applied (kilograms per hectare)	40.19	43.75	46.56	68.36
Phosphorus per hectare (kilograms)	15.05	25.90	15.77	24.67
Seeding rate (kilograms per hectare)	19.20	19.59	22.60	22.92
Organic fertilizer (1/0)	0.02	0.15	0.02	0.15
Farmer purchased seed (1/0)	0.15	0.36	0.13	0.33
Mechanization (1/0)	0.07	0.26	0.04	0.20
Animal traction use (1/0)	0.45	0.50	0.44	0.50
Irrigation (1/0)	0.02	0.14	0.02	0.14
Agro chemical use (1/0)	0.42	0.49	0.48	0.50
Topographic wetness index (units)	14.14	1.87	14.13	1.79
Slope (percent)	3.73	2.88	3.50	2.79
Annual mean temperature (°C∗10)	297.80	14.65
Annual precipitation (mm)	1120.00	187.50	1077.39	188.04
Plot elevation (meters)	526.33	261.47	554.86	289.81
No other crop planted (1/0)	0.29	0.46	0.21	0.41
One other crops planted (1/0)	0.43	0.50	0.45	0.50
Two other crops planted (1/0)	0.17	0.31	0.23	0.42
Three or more other crops planted (1/0)	0.09	0.30	0.11	0.31
Legume grown on plot (1/0)	0.29	0.45	0.29	0.45
Maize price (Naira per kilograms)	78.01	55.44	98.78	67.86
Fertilizer price (Naira per kilograms)	106.03	44.05	98.29	40.70

Source: Authors’ calculations using LSMS-ISA data (2010/2011 and 2012/2013). All prices are adjusted to 2012 prices using the cpi from the Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics.