Table 3.
Percent of agricultural households hiring labor (weighted).
| Country | Activity | Number of households | Percent hiring workers | Percent of work done by hired labor | Average payment per day to hired workers (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethiopia | Cultivation | 3091 | 18.5% | 16.0% | 2.96 |
| Harvest | 2666 | 20.9% | 20.1% | 3.87 | |
| Overall | 2666 | 30.2% | 17.3% | ||
| Malawi | Non-harvest | 2605 | 30.7% | 9.2% | 4.05 |
| Harvest | 2605 | 16.0% | 6.7% | 2.70 | |
| Overall | 2605 | 40.1% | 8.6% | ||
| Niger | Preparation | 2339 | 18.2% | 8.8% | 4.42 |
| Cultivation | 2339 | 38.2% | 10.5% | 3.88 | |
| Harvest | 2339 | 19.0% | 8.5% | 2.53 | |
| Overall | 2339 | 48.7% | 9.7% | ||
| Tanzania | Planting | 2630 | 18.1% | 8.3% | 3.47 |
| Weeding | 2630 | 19.6% | 9.9% | 2.34 | |
| Fertilizing | 2630 | 2.1% | 4.8% | 2.76 | |
| Harvest | 2630 | 15.8% | 8.2% | 2.41 | |
| Overall | 2630 | 30.1% | 8.8% | ||
| Uganda | Overall | 2109 | 45.2% | 10.0% | 1.35 |
Notes: Authors’ calculations from LSMS-ISA data; some variables collected as average hours per day, we convert to full days using conversion rate 6 h = a full work day; average payment calculated by adding all days worked by adult men and women, plus 0.5 days per child day, and dividing by total payments to workers for the listed activity, including in-kind payments; exchange rates to convert to USD are from July 2009 (Malawi), July 2010 (Niger, Tanzania, Uganda), July 2011 (Ethiopia).