Table 3.
Regressions of child growth indicators against parental education under alternative specifications
| Regression number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable | HAZ | HAZ | HAZ | Stunting |
| Country-varying controls? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Community Fixed effects | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Education rank included? | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Maternal education | ||||
| 4–6 years | 0.122∗∗∗ | 0.048∗∗∗ | 0.027∗∗∗ | −0.010∗∗∗ |
| (0.008) | (0.008) | (0.009) | (0.003) | |
| 7–9 years | 0.208∗∗∗ | 0.087∗∗∗ | 0.055∗∗∗ | −0.024∗∗∗ |
| (0.008) | (0.008) | (0.011) | (0.004) | |
| 10–12 years | 0.361∗∗∗ | 0.182∗∗∗ | 0.138∗∗∗ | −0.048∗∗∗ |
| (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.014) | (0.005) | |
| 13 plus | 0.522∗∗∗ | 0.268∗∗∗ | 0.209∗∗∗ | −0.055∗∗∗ |
| (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.02) | (0.007) | |
| Paternal | ||||
| 4–6 years | 0.057∗∗∗ | 0.033∗∗∗ | 0.012 | −0.007∗∗ |
| (0.008) | (0.008) | (0.009) | (0.003) | |
| 7–9 years | 0.110∗∗∗ | 0.077∗∗∗ | 0.046∗∗∗ | −0.019∗∗∗ |
| (0.008) | (0.008) | (0.011) | (0.004) | |
| 10–12 years | 0.174∗∗∗ | 0.128∗∗∗ | 0.081∗∗∗ | −0.029∗∗∗ |
| (0.009) | (0.008) | (0.014) | (0.005) | |
| 13+ years | 0.247∗∗∗ | 0.184∗∗∗ | 0.124∗∗∗ | −0.036∗∗∗ |
| (0.011) | (0.011) | (0.019) | (0.006) | |
| Cohort-region educational ranks | ||||
| Mother's rank | 0.072∗∗∗ | −0.021∗∗∗ | ||
| (0.018) | (0.006) | |||
| Father's rank | 0.073∗∗∗ | −0.020∗∗∗ | ||
| (0.019) | (0.006) | |||
| Tests | ||||
| Larger maternal education effects?a | Yes (all brackets) | Yes (10–12; 13+) | Yes (10–12; 13+) | Yes (10–12; 13+) |
| Significant non-linearity?b | Yes: Women | Yes | Yes | Yes: Women |
| N | 376,992 | 376,992 | 376,992 | 376,992 |
Notes: Cluster-robust standard errors reported in parenthesis. Clustering is at the enumeration level ∗, ∗∗, and ∗∗∗ indicate significance at the 10%, 5% and 1% significance levels respectively. See text for a description of the models and variables. a. This test is a Wald test comparing maternal and paternal coefficients across categories; significance refers to the 10% level or lower. b. This is a test of coefficient proportionality; significance refers to the 10% level or lower.