Table 6.
Testing heterogeneity of HAZ results across major regions
| Sample | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean | South Asia | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable | HAZ | HAZ | HAZ | HAZ |
| Country-varying controls? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Community Fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Education rank included? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Maternal education | ||||
| 4–6 years | 0.038 | 0.050∗∗∗ | 0.055∗∗ | 0.012 |
| (0.030) | (0.015) | (0.025) | (0.015) | |
| 7–9 years | −0.006 | 0.099∗∗∗ | 0.092∗∗∗ | 0.041∗∗ |
| (0.032) | (0.021) | (0.030) | (0.018) | |
| 10–12 years | 0.064 | 0.163∗∗∗ | 0.205∗∗∗ | 0.133∗∗∗ |
| (0.040) | (0.028) | (0.041) | (0.024) | |
| 13 plus | 0.088 | 0.255∗∗∗ | 0.375∗∗∗ | 0.241∗∗∗ |
| (0.056) | (0.036) | (0.055) | (0.037) | |
| Paternal education | ||||
| 4–6 years | −0.008 | −0.003 | 0.019 | 0.015 |
| (0.028) | (0.015) | (0.025) | (0.014) | |
| 7–9 years | 0.002 | 0.022 | 0.078∗∗∗ | 0.046∗∗∗ |
| (0.033) | (0.020) | (0.029) | (0.017) | |
| 10–12 years | −0.019 | 0.045∗ | 0.151∗∗∗ | 0.083∗∗∗ |
| (0.044) | (0.027) | (0.039) | (0.022) | |
| 13+ years | 0.004 | 0.031 | 0.230∗∗∗ | 0.166∗∗∗ |
| (0.060) | (0.035) | (0.051) | (0.029) | |
| 63% | 90% | 99% | 53% | |
| Significant gender differences?a | No | Yes: All levels | Yes: 10–12 | Yes: 10–12 |
| Significant non-linearity?b | Yes (women) | No (marginal) | Yes: Both sexes | Yes: Both sexes |
| Sample size | 41,075 | 84,015 | 51,286 | 179,779 |
Notes: Cluster-robust standard errors reported in parenthesis. Clustering is at the enumeration level. ∗, ∗∗, and ∗∗∗ indicate significance at the 10%, 5% and 1% significance levels respectively. The regression models are analogous to regression 3 from Table 3. a. This test is a Wald test comparing maternal and paternal coefficients across categories; significance refers to the 10% level or lower. b. This is a test of coefficient proportionality; significance refers to the 10% level or lower.