Table 2. Specific causes of unintentional weight loss.*.
| Cause | Patients † |
|---|---|
| (N = 2677) | |
| Malignant disorders | 883 (33) |
| Esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas, liver cell carcinoma, and intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma [C15, C16, C18, C20, C25, C22.0, C22.1] | 415 (47) |
| Breast [C50] | 27 (3) |
| Cervix uteri, endometrium, and ovary [C53, C54.1, C56] | 35 (4) |
| Prostate [C61] | 53 (6) |
| Kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder [C64, C65, C66, C67] | 88 (10) |
| Bronchus and lung [C34] | 150 (17) |
| Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, unspecified [C81, C85.9] | 97 (11) |
| Malignant neoplasm, primary site unknown, so stated [C80.0] | 18 (2) |
| Nonmalignant organic disorders | 991 (37) |
| Digestive disorders | 450 (45) |
| Gastric and duodenal ulcers [K25, K26] | 81 (18) |
| Oral, swallowing, and dental problems [K08.9, K11.7, R13, R43.8] | 141 (31) |
| Crohn disease [regional enteritis] and ulcerative colitis [K50, K51] | 44 (10) |
| Indeterminate colitis and other specified noninfective gastroenteritis and colitis [K52.3, K52.8] | 97 (22) |
| Chronic vascular disorders of intestine [K55.1] | 24 (5) |
| Celiac disease, pancreatic steatorrhea, and intestinal malabsorption, unspecified [K90.0, K90.3, K90.9] | 63 (14) |
| Endocrine disorders | 139 (14) |
| Thyrotoxicosis [hyperthyroidism] [E05] | 64 (46) |
| Subacute thyroiditis [E06.1] | 11 (8) |
| Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus [E10, E11] | 54 (39) |
| Primary hyperparathyroidism [E21.0] | 10 (7) |
| Infectious diseases | 119 (12) |
| Primary respiratory tuberculosis, tuberculous pleurisy and tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes, without mention of bacteriological or histological confirmation, and tuberculous peripheral lymphadenopathy [A16.7, A16.5, A16.3, A18.2] | 46 (39) |
| Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease resulting in infectious and parasitic diseases, malignant neoplasms, and wasting syndrome [B20, B21, B22.2] | 26 (22) |
| Other gastroenteritis and colitis of infectious and unspecified origin [A09] | 45 (38) |
| Acute and subacute infective endocarditis [I33.0] | 2 (2) |
| Nervous system diseases | 80 (8) |
| Stroke, not specified as hemorrhage or infarction [I64] | 46 (58) |
| Parkinson disease [G20] | 30 (38) |
| Motor neuron disease [G12.2] | 4 (5) |
| Respiratory diseases | 20 (2) |
| Interstitial pulmonary disease, unspecified, and other interstitial pulmonary diseases with fibrosis [J84.9, J84.1] | 4 (20) |
| Pleural effusion, not elsewhere classified, and pyothorax without fistula [J90, J86.9] | 14 (70) |
| Abscess of lung without pneumonia [J85.2] | 2 (10) |
| Systemic autoimmune diseases | 89 (9) |
| Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis with polymyalgia rheumatica [M35.3, M31.5] | 56 (63) |
| Polyarteritis nodosa [M30.0] | 9 (10) |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus with organ or system involvement and rheumatoid arthritis, unspecified [M32.1†, M06.9] | 24 (27) |
| Kidney and ureteral diseases | 40 (4) |
| Rapidly progressive nephritic syndrome, chronic nephritic syndrome, and nephrotic syndrome [N01, N03, N04] | 12 (30) |
| Nonobstructive reflux-associated chronic pyelonephritis, chronic obstructive pyelonephritis, and other andunspecified hydronephrosis [N11.0, N11.1, N13.3] | 28 (70) |
| Unspecified adverse effect of drug or medicament [T88.7] ‡ | 54 (5) |
| Psychosocial disorders | 428 (16) |
| Depressive episode [F32] | 180 (42) |
| Somatoform disorders, other anxiety disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder [F45, F41, F42] | 122 (29) |
| Bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia [F31, F20] | 21 (5) |
| Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol, opioids, cocaine, and multiple drug use and use of other psychoactive substances [F10, F11, F14, F19] | 4 (1) |
| Dementia in Alzheimer disease, unspecified, vascular dementia, unspecified, and unspecified dementia [F00.9*, F01.9, F03] | 47 (11) |
| Problems related to housing and economic circumstances [Z59] | 30 (7) |
| Problems related to social environment including social exclusion and rejection, and neglect and abandonment [Z60, Y06] | 18 (4) |
| Immobility and limitation of activities due to disability [R26.3, Z73.6] | 6 (1) |
| Initially unexplained unintentional weight loss | 375 (14) |
* Causes are categorized according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10 Version: 2015) [50].
† Meaning of the percentages (numbers in parentheses) listed in the table: percentages in main groups (malignant, nonmalignant organic, and psychosocial disorders) are relative to the entire sample size; percentages in individual malignant disorders and in individual psychosocial disorders are relative to the total number of malignant disorders and the total number of psychosocial disorders, respectively; percentages in the main subgroups of nonmalignant organic disorders (ie digestive, endocrine, infectious nervous system, respiratory, systemic autoimmune, and kidney and ureteral disorders as well as adverse effect of drug) are relative to the total number of nonmalignant organic disorders; and percentages in the individual conditions of each subgroup n of nonmalignant organic disorders are relative to the total number of each subgroup.
‡ Formerly reported prescription, over-the-counter, and illicit drugs accounting for unintentional weight loss.