Table 2.
Key characteristics of participant sample at baseline.
| Participant characteristics | Wait list (n=49) | ERPonline (n=47) | |
| Baseline demographic and clinical variables |
|
|
|
| Age, mean (SDa ) | 43.8 (11.45) | 42 (12.23) | |
| Gender, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
Female | 32 (65) | 27 (57) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
White British | 44 (90) | 38 (81) |
|
|
Any other white | 2 (4) | 5 (11) |
|
|
Black British | - | 1 (2) |
|
|
Caribbean | 1 (2) | - |
|
|
Asian British | 1 (2) | - |
|
|
Indian | - | 1 (2) |
|
|
Any other mixed | - | 1 (2) |
|
|
Missing | 1 (2) | 1 (2) |
| Occupational status, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
Full-time paid or self | 16 (33) | 21 (45) |
|
|
Part-time paid or self | 13 (27) | 6 (13) |
|
|
Voluntary | 3 (6) | 4 (9) |
|
|
Not employed | 10 (20) | 6 (13) |
|
|
Student | 3 (6) | 2 (4) |
|
|
Housewife or househusband | - | 3 (6) |
|
|
Retired | 4 (8) | 5 (11) |
| Education, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
No formal qualifications | 1 (2) | - |
|
|
CSEb or O Level or GCSEc | 5 (10) | 4 (9) |
|
|
A Level | 7 (14) | 7 (15) |
|
|
Degree | 17 (35) | 16 (34) |
|
|
PGd Diploma or qualification | 13 (27) | 13 (28) |
| Doctorate or PhD | 3 (6) | 7 (15) | |
| Total number of past episodes (baseline), n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
<7 | 6 (12) | 2 (4.) |
|
|
8-20 | 12 (25) | 12 (26) |
|
|
21+ | 31 (63) | 33 (70) |
| Taking mood stabilizer (baseline), n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
Not on any medication (so item rated not applicable) | 3 (6) | 2 (4) |
|
|
No mood stabilizer | 15 (31) | 11 (23) |
|
|
Lithium | 12 (25) | 11 (23) |
|
|
Sodium valproate | 5 (10) | 14 (30) |
|
|
Carbamazepine | 3 (6) | 1 (2) |
|
|
Lamotrigine | 11 (22) | 8 (17) |
| Treatment history (baseline), n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
Ever used mental health services | 46 (94) | 42 (89) |
|
|
Clinical diagnosis of BD1e (vs BD2) | 44 (90) | 44 (94) |
|
|
Ever seen a psychiatrist | 46 (94) | 43 (92) |
|
|
Ever prescribed medication for BD | 49 (100) | 46 (98) |
|
|
Currently taking medication for bipolar disorder | 40 (82) | 40 (85) |
|
|
Ever received therapy or psychosocial intervention for bipolar disorder | 26 (53) | 27 (57) |
|
|
Currently receiving therapy for bipolar disorder | 8 (16) | 10 (21) |
| Process measures |
|
|
|
| Early warning signs monitoring frequency— depression, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
Never | 3 (6) | 3 (6) |
|
|
Occasionally | 18 (37) | 11 (23) |
|
|
Fairly regularly | 8 (37) | 20 (43) |
|
|
Very regularly | 10 (20) | 13 (28) |
| Early warning signs monitoring frequency— hypomania, n (%) |
|
||
|
|
Never | 6 (12) | 5 (11) |
|
|
Occasionally | 21 (43) | 14 (30) |
|
|
Fairly regularly | 16 (33) | 18 (38) |
|
|
Very regularly | 6 (12) | 10 (21) |
| Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire—total (high score=more negative model), mean (SD) | 60.6 (10.5) | 60.7 (9.9) | |
| Medication Adherence Rating Scale, mean (SD) | 6.9 (2.2) | 7.0 (2.1) | |
| Outcome measures |
|
|
|
| Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, mean (SD) | 4.5 (5.3) | 3.5 (4.2) | |
| Mania Rating Scale, mean (SD) | 1.3 (2.4) | 1.0 (1.7) | |
| Personal and Social Performance Scale, mean (SD) | 79.7 (11.2) | 79.1 (13.1) | |
| Multidimensional Scale of Independent Functioning, n (%) | 25 (51) 14 (29) 8 (16) 2 (4) 0 (0) 0 (0) |
21 (45) 16 (34) 6 (13) 2 (4) 2 (4) 0 (0) |
|
| Work and Social Adjustment Scale, mean (SD) | 11.4 (9.4) | 12.8 (8.7) | |
| Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorder, mean (SD) | 162.7 (33.5) | 162.5 (22.8) | |
| Bipolar Recovery Questionnaire, mean (SD) | 2332 (394) | 2342 (383) | |
aSD: standard deviation.
bCSE: Certificate of Secondary Education.
cGCSE: General Certificate of Secondary Education.
dPG: postgraduate.
eBD: bipolar disorder.