Table 2.
Study | Primary trend | Additional trends | n | CM duration (weeks) | Maximum earnings | Statistically significant treatment effect | Included follow up? | Statistically significant effects at follow-up | Drug of abuse | CM target |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Festinger et al. (2014) | Parametric | N/A | 222 | 12 | CNBD | Yes | No | N/A | Cocaine | Abstinence |
Kirby et al. (2013) | Parametric | N/A | 130 | 36 | CNBD | Yes | No | N/A | Cocaine | Abstinence |
Lamb et al. (2010) | Parametric | N/A | 146 | 12 | $1157.50 | Yes | No | N/A | Nicotine | Abstinence |
Ledgerwood et al. (2014) | Parametric | N/A | 81 | 3 | CNBD | Yes | Yes | No | Nicotine | Abstinence |
Packer et al. (2012) | Parametric | N/A | 103 | 1 | $207.50 | Yes | No | N/A | Nicotine | Abstinence |
Petry et al. (2012c) | Parametric | Community clinics | 442 | 12 | $560 | Yes | Yes | No | Cocaine | Abstinence + other therapeutic goals |
Petry et al. (2014a) | Parametric | Community clinics | 240 | 12 | $900 | Yes | Yes | No | Cocaine | Abstinence |
Tuten et al. (2012) | Parametric | Special populations | 133 | 13 | $1364 | No | N/A | N/A | Cocaine/Opioids | Abstinence |
Roll et al. (2013) | Parametric | N/A | 118 | 16 | $500.00 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Methamphetamine | Abstinence |
Romanowich and Lamb (2010) | Parametric | N/A | 57 | 3 | $100.00 | Yes | Yes | No | Nicotine | Abstinence |
Romanowich and Lamb (2013) | Parametric | N/A | 30 | 1 | $375.00 | Yes | Yes | No | Nicotine | Abstinence |
Branson et al. (2012) | Community clinics | Special populations | 52 | 3 | CNBD | Yes | No | N/A | Polydrug | Other therapeutic goals |
Chen et al. (2013) | Community clinics | N/A | 246 | 12 | CNBD | Yes | No | N/A | Opioids | Abstinence + other therapeutic goal |
García-Fernández et al. (2011) | Community clinics | N/A | 68 | 24 | $2196.00 | Yes | No | N/A | Cocaine | Abstinence |
Hser et al. (2011) | Community clinics | N/A | 319 | 12 | CNBD | Yes | No | N/A | Opioids | Abstinence + other therapeutic goal |
Jiang et al. (2012) | Community clinics | N/A | 160 | 12 | $435.80 | No | N/A | N/A | Opioids | Abstinence + Other Therapeutic Goal |
Killeen et al. (2012) | Community clinics | Special populations | 31 | 10 | CNBD | No | N/A | N/A | Marijuana | Abstinence |
Petitjean et al. (2014) | Community clinics | N/A | 60 | 4 | CNBD | Yes | Yes | No | Cocaine | Abstinence |
Petry et al. (2011) | Community clinics | N/A | 239 | 12 | CNBD | Yes | Yes | No | Polydrug | Abstinence + other therapeutic goals |
Petry et al. (2012a) | Community clinics | N/A | 130 | 12 | CNBD | Yes | Yes | No | Cocaine | Abstinence |
Petry et al. (2012b) | Community clinics | N/A | 43 | 12 | CNBD | Yes | No | N/A | Polydrug | Abstinence |
Secades-Villa et al. (2014) | Community clinics | N/A | 92 | 6 | $412 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Nicotine | Abstinence |
Walker et al. (2010) | Community clinics | N/A | 90 | 10,14 | CNBD | Yes | No | N/A | Polydrug | Other therapeutic goals |
Note: primary trend refers to main trend authors assigned study to; Additional trends refers to additional trends study was assigned to aside from the primary trend; n refers to sample size (across all groups); CM duration refers to the number of weeks during which contingent incentives could be earned (CNBD = duration could not be determined); Maximum earnings refers to the maximum amount that could be earned in the intervention (CNBD = maximum earnings could not be determined); Statistically significant treatment effects and effects at follow-up defined in all studies as outcomes significant at p < 0.05; Follow up effects were only evaluated if during treatment effects were statistically significant; drug of abuse refers to drug targeted by CM intervention; CM target refers to the behavior on which incentives were contingent.