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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 8.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2016 Aug 8;92:36–46. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.008

Table 3.

Incorporating new technologies in CM AND combining pharmacotherapies with CM.

Study Primary trend Additional trends n CM duration (weeks) Maximum earnings Statistically significant treatment effect Included follow up? Statistically significant effects at follow-up Drug of abuse CM target
Alessi and Petry (2013) Technology N/A 30 4 $340 Yes No N/A Alcohol Abstinence
Barnett et al. (2011) Technology N/A 13 2 $154 Yes No N/A Alcohol Abstinence
Dallery et al. (2013) Technology N/A 77 7 $530 Yes Yes No Nicotine Abstinence
Dougherty et al. (2014) Technology N/A 26 8 $300 Yes No N/A Alcohol Abstinence
Lindsay et al. (2014) Technology N/A 57 2 CNBD Yes No N/A Cocaine Other therapeutic goal
McDonell et al. (2012) Technology N/A 15 4 $96 Yes No N/A Alcohol Abstinence
Meredith and Dallery (2013) Technology N/A 32 2 $56.25 Yes No N/A Nicotine Abstinence
Meredith et al. (2011) Technology N/A 13 2 $161.50 Yes No N/A Nicotine Abstinence
Defulio et al. (2012) Pharmacotherapy N/A 38 24 CNBD Yes No N/A Opioids Other therapeutic goal
Dunn et al. (2013) Pharmacotherapy Special populations 67 26 CNBD Yes No N/A Opioids Other therapeutic goal
Everly et al. (2011) Pharmacotherapy N/A 35 26 CNBD Yes No N/A Opioids Other therapeutic goal
Gray et al. (2011) Pharmacotherapy Special populations 134 6 $275 Yes Yes No Nicotine Abstinence
Ling et al. (2013) Pharmacotherapy N/A 202 16 $1460.00 No N/A N/A Opioids Abstinence
Tidey et al. (2011) Pharmacotherapy Special populations 57 3 $350 Yes No N/A Nicotine Abstinence
Umbricht et al. (2014) Pharmacotherapy N/A 171 12 $1155.00 No No N/A Cocaine Abstinence
Winstanley et al. (2011) Pharmacotherapy N/A 145 12 $1155.00 Yes No N/A Cocaine Abstinence

Note: primary trend refers to main trend authors assigned study to; Additional trends refers to additional trends study was assigned to aside from the primary trend; n refers to sample size (across all groups); CM duration refers to the number of weeks during which contingent incentives could be earned (CNBD = duration could not be determined); Maximum earnings refers to the maximum amount that could be earned in the intervention (CNBD = maximum earnings could not be determined); Statistically significant treatment effects and effects at follow-up defined in all studies as outcomes significant at p < 0.05; Follow up effects were only evaluated if during treatment effects were statistically significant; drug of abuse refers to drug targeted by CM intervention; CM target refers to the behavior on which incentives were contingent.