Table 3.
Study | Primary trend | Additional trends | n | CM duration (weeks) | Maximum earnings | Statistically significant treatment effect | Included follow up? | Statistically significant effects at follow-up | Drug of abuse | CM target |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alessi and Petry (2013) | Technology | N/A | 30 | 4 | $340 | Yes | No | N/A | Alcohol | Abstinence |
Barnett et al. (2011) | Technology | N/A | 13 | 2 | $154 | Yes | No | N/A | Alcohol | Abstinence |
Dallery et al. (2013) | Technology | N/A | 77 | 7 | $530 | Yes | Yes | No | Nicotine | Abstinence |
Dougherty et al. (2014) | Technology | N/A | 26 | 8 | $300 | Yes | No | N/A | Alcohol | Abstinence |
Lindsay et al. (2014) | Technology | N/A | 57 | 2 | CNBD | Yes | No | N/A | Cocaine | Other therapeutic goal |
McDonell et al. (2012) | Technology | N/A | 15 | 4 | $96 | Yes | No | N/A | Alcohol | Abstinence |
Meredith and Dallery (2013) | Technology | N/A | 32 | 2 | $56.25 | Yes | No | N/A | Nicotine | Abstinence |
Meredith et al. (2011) | Technology | N/A | 13 | 2 | $161.50 | Yes | No | N/A | Nicotine | Abstinence |
Defulio et al. (2012) | Pharmacotherapy | N/A | 38 | 24 | CNBD | Yes | No | N/A | Opioids | Other therapeutic goal |
Dunn et al. (2013) | Pharmacotherapy | Special populations | 67 | 26 | CNBD | Yes | No | N/A | Opioids | Other therapeutic goal |
Everly et al. (2011) | Pharmacotherapy | N/A | 35 | 26 | CNBD | Yes | No | N/A | Opioids | Other therapeutic goal |
Gray et al. (2011) | Pharmacotherapy | Special populations | 134 | 6 | $275 | Yes | Yes | No | Nicotine | Abstinence |
Ling et al. (2013) | Pharmacotherapy | N/A | 202 | 16 | $1460.00 | No | N/A | N/A | Opioids | Abstinence |
Tidey et al. (2011) | Pharmacotherapy | Special populations | 57 | 3 | $350 | Yes | No | N/A | Nicotine | Abstinence |
Umbricht et al. (2014) | Pharmacotherapy | N/A | 171 | 12 | $1155.00 | No | No | N/A | Cocaine | Abstinence |
Winstanley et al. (2011) | Pharmacotherapy | N/A | 145 | 12 | $1155.00 | Yes | No | N/A | Cocaine | Abstinence |
Note: primary trend refers to main trend authors assigned study to; Additional trends refers to additional trends study was assigned to aside from the primary trend; n refers to sample size (across all groups); CM duration refers to the number of weeks during which contingent incentives could be earned (CNBD = duration could not be determined); Maximum earnings refers to the maximum amount that could be earned in the intervention (CNBD = maximum earnings could not be determined); Statistically significant treatment effects and effects at follow-up defined in all studies as outcomes significant at p < 0.05; Follow up effects were only evaluated if during treatment effects were statistically significant; drug of abuse refers to drug targeted by CM intervention; CM target refers to the behavior on which incentives were contingent.