Table 4.

Effects of natural and artificial sugar on gut microbiota

	Bifidobacteria	Bacteroides	Clostridia	Lactobacilli	References
Glucose	↑	↓			[55, 56]
Fructose	↑	↓			[55, 56]
Sucrose	↑	↓			[55, 56]
Lactose	↑	↓	↓	↑	[58]
Artificial sweeteners	↓	↑	↓	↓	[59]