Table 3.

Comparison of the AAO–AHP pretreatment with others on lignocellulosic biomass

Feedstock	Pretreatment process						Resulting solids			Source
	Type	Pretreatment				Post-pretreatment	C	H	L
		Content (%)	Catalyst	T (°C)	Time (h)		%
C. inophyllum shell	H2SO4 + NaOH	1%	At 90 °C for a fixed time				35	7	25	Cheng et al. [26]
E. ulmoides Oliver	SEP + AHP	–	–	213	1/3	1.5% H2O2, pH 11.5	77	4	5	Zhu et al. [15]
Lespedeza stalk	SEP + AHP	–	–	184	1/15	2% H2O2, pH 11.5	83	0	10	Su et al. [27]
EFB	AAO + AQA	–	7 (15)  % AAO (AQA) pretreatment at 180 °C for 15 min				65	22	21	Kim et al. [22]
Wheat straw	AAO	90	0.4% H2SO4	105	3	–	67	11	4	Pan and Sano [9]
Wheat straw	AAO	80	8.5% HNO3	120	0.3	–	96	3	1	Sun et al. [38]
Sugarcane straw	AAO	80	0.3% HCl	120	3	–	61	7	12	Saad et al. [23]
Sugarcane bagasse	AAO	90	0.1% H2SO4	105	3	–	64	17	13	Zhao et al. [10]
Beech	AAO	90	0.2% HCl	130	1	–	77	8	8	Vila et al. [43]
Corn stover	HCl + H2O2	–	7% HCl	120	2/3	3% H2O2 + 0.1% FeSO2	26	2	12	Li et al. [16]
Wheat straw	AAO + AHP	55%	30% FA	105	3	1% H2O2	70	15	2	Snelders et al. [18]
TOFH	AGO	70	–	180	3		22	26	27	Sun et al. [7]
TOFH	AAO	53	0.6% H2SO4	125	1.7	–	44	12	26	This study
TOFH	AAO + AHP	53	0.6% H2SO4	125	1.7	3% H2O2, pH 11.5	65	15	10	This study

EFB empty fruit bunches, SEP steam explosion pretreatment, AQA aqueous ammonia, FA formic acid, C cellulose content, H hemicellulose content, L lignin content