Table 2. Identity of amino acids at the functionally important sites in the L-opsin of giraffe and other mammals based on the five-sites rule.
For each species, the expected λmax based on the five-site rule is shown. Where the actual λmax of the pigment has been determined, the value is indicated.
| Species | Site/amino acid | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 180 | 197 | 277 | 285 | 308 | Predicted λmax (nm) | Experimental λmax (nm) | References | |
| Human (Homo sapiens) | S | H | Y | T | A | 560 | 557 | Merbs & Nathans (1992) |
| Human (H. sapiens) | A | H | Y | T | A | 553 | 552 | Merbs & Nathans (1992) |
| Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) | S | H | Y | T | A | 560 | 561.5 | Bowmaker et al. (1991) |
| Crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) | S | H | Y | T | A | 560 | 561 | Baylor, Nunn & Schnapft (1987) |
| Baboon (Papio anubis) | S | H | Y | T | A | 560 | 560 | Bowmaker et al. (1991) |
| Green monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus) | S | H | Y | T | A | 560 | – | |
| Seal (Phoca vitulina) | S | H | F | T | A | 552 | 510 (?) | Crognale et al. (1998); Levenson et al. (2006) |
| Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) | S | H | Y | T | A | 560 | – | |
| Brandt’s vesper bat (Myotis brandtii) | S | H | Y | T | A | 560 | – | |
| David’s vesper bat (Myotis davidii) | S | H | Y | T | A | 560 | – | |
| Big brown bat (Epistesicus fuscus) | S | H | Y | T | A | 560 | – | |
| Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) | S | H | Y | T | A | 560 | – | |
| Cow (Bos taurus) | A | H | Y | T | A | 553 | 555 | Jacobs et al. (1998) |
| Sheep (Ovis aries) | A | H | Y | T | A | 553 | 552 | Jacobs et al. (1998) |
| Goat (Capra hircus) | A | H | Y | T | A | 553 | 553 | Jacobs et al. (1998) |
| Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) | S | H | Y | T | A | 560 | – | |
| Okapi (Okapia johnstonii) | A | H | Y | T | A | 553 | – | |