Xamoterol modulates immune-related mRNA expression in 5XFAD transgenic mice. Bar graphs depict mRNA expression in homogenized cortical tissue from wildtype and 5XFAD vehicle-treated and xamoterol-treated mice normalized relative to wildtype vehicle-treated mice for each gene (A–P). In the 6 month – oral gavage study (A–H), all genes with the exception of CD74 were elevated in vehicle-treated 5XFAD mice relative to wildtype counterparts. Likewise, in the 9 month – pump study (I–P), all genes with the exception of IL6 were elevated in vehicle-treated 5XFAD mice relative to wildtype. Xamoterol treatment attenuated Iba1, CD74, CD14 and TGFβ mRNA expression in 5XFAD mice (I,M–O) in the 9 month – pump study. In the 6 month – oral gavage study, trends for attenuation of TNF-α and CD14 were observed (B,F; p < .1). Sample size, n = 4–6 per group, but n=3 for 5XFAD-VEH in 9 month – pump experiment. Data represent means +/− SEM. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001, Bonferroni’s test for multiple comparisons following one-way ANOVA.