Table 1.

Health-state utility values applied in economic evaluation

Health state	Health utility value	Description of state from source study	Measurement	Source
Base-case scenario
No exacerbation	0.96 (SD 0.07)	Average baseline utility across children (n = 27) aged 7–18 with GINA severity stage I–III receiving standard outpatient care in the Netherlands as part of the control arm of an RCT	EQ-5D child version (completed by parent for age <12 years). UK adult TTO valuation set	[27]
Exacerbation not requiring hospitalisation (including ED visits)	–0.10 relative to no exacerbation	Adult patients enrolled in a prospective observational study who have moderate or severe asthma (BTS rating: 4/5) at baseline and who have experienced one exacerbation requiring oral steroid treatment (without hospitalisation) in the previous 4 weeks (n = 22)	EQ-5D UK adult valuation set	[26]
Exacerbation requiring hospitalisation	–0.20 relative to no exacerbation	Adult patients enrolled in a prospective observational study who have moderate or severe asthma (BTS rating: 4/5) at baseline who have experienced one exacerbation requiring hospitalisation in the previous 4 weeks (n = 5)	EQ-5D UK adult valuation set	[26]
Sensitivity analysis
No exacerbation	As per base case	As per base case	As per base case	[27]
Any exacerbation	–0.216 relative to no exacerbation	Patients aged >12 years (including adults) enrolled in the GOAL study who experienced an exacerbation (defined as deterioration in asthma requiring treatment with an oral corticosteroid, or an ED visit or hospitalisation)	AQLQ values mapped to EQ-5D (valuation set not stated)	[25]

AQLQ Asthma Quality of Life questionnaire, BTS British Thoracic Society, ED emergency department, EQ-5D EuroQol 5-Dimensions, GINA Global Initiative for Asthma, RCT randomized controlled trial, SD standard deviation, TTO time trade-off