Table 4.
Summary of incremental costs and QALYs, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and cost-effectiveness results for main, adjusted, sensitivity and subgroup analysis
| Analysis (1–0)a | Cost | QALYs | Mean ICER (£/QALY) | ICERs by CE plane quadrant (%) | Probability of CE at λ <WTP (%) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dif. means | bSE | BCa 95% CI | Dif. means | bSE | BCa 95% CI | SE | SW | NE | NW | λ <£0 | λ <£20 k | ||||
| Main | –14.74 | 31.25 | –75.86 | 45.19 | –0.00017 | 0.00018 | –0.00051 | 0.00018 | 88,733 | 14.6 | 52.7 | 2.5 | 30.2 | 67.3 | 63.1 |
| BA Main | –36.07 | 21.10 | –77.11 | 9.67 | –0.00017 | 0.00018 | –0.00051 | 0.00018 | 217,088 | 17.0 | 79.3 | 0.1 | 3.6 | 96.3 | 93.8 |
| SA: ‘other’ unit cost | |||||||||||||||
| Cost | 14.19 | 36.86 | –56.22 | 95.34 | –0.00017 | 0.00018 | –0.00051 | 0.00018 | Dominated | 11.6 | 26.6 | 5.5 | 56.3 | 38.2 | 34.6 |
| BA cost | –28.53 | 23.64 | –72.74 | 20.18 | –0.00017 | 0.00018 | –0.00051 | 0.00018 | 171,716 | 16.7 | 73.5 | 0.4 | 9.4 | 90.2 | 86.5 |
| SA: duration of exacerbation | |||||||||||||||
| 3 days | –14.74 | 31.25 | –75.86 | 45.19 | –0.00005 | 0.00009 | –0.00022 | 0.00012 | 279,489 | 23.5 | 43.8 | 4.3 | 28.4 | 67.3 | 66.0 |
| BA 3 days | –36.07 | 21.10 | –77.11 | 9.67 | –0.00005 | 0.00009 | –0.00022 | 0.00012 | 683,777 | 27.6 | 68.7 | 0.2 | 3.5 | 96.3 | 95.5 |
| 2 weeks | –14.74 | 31.25 | –75.86 | 45.19 | –0.00034 | 0.00030 | –0.00093 | 0.00025 | 43,121 | 11.6 | 55.7 | 1.8 | 30.9 | 67.3 | 59.9 |
| BA 2 weeks | –36.07 | 21.10 | –77.11 | 9.67 | –0.00034 | 0.00030 | –0.00093 | 0.00025 | 105,496 | 13.3 | 83.0 | 0.1 | 3.6 | 96.3 | 90.3 |
| SA: utility of exacerbation | |||||||||||||||
| Utility | –14.74 | 31.25 | –75.86 | 45.19 | –0.00035 | 0.00038 | –0.00109 | 0.00039 | 41,607 | 14.9 | 52.4 | 2.6 | 30.1 | 67.3 | 59.9 |
| BA utility | –36.07 | 21.10 | –77.11 | 9.67 | –0.00035 | 0.00038 | –0.00109 | 0.00039 | 101,793 | 17.4 | 78.9 | 0.1 | 3.6 | 96.3 | 89.8 |
| SA: type of contacts | |||||||||||||||
| Respiratory | 2.41 | 8.65 | –17.58 | 17.26 | –0.00008 | 0.00005 | –0.00017 | 0.00001 | Dominated | 2.0 | 35.5 | 1.9 | 60.6 | 37.5 | 32.5 |
| BA respiratory | –5.06 | 5.98 | –18.51 | 5.87 | –0.00008 | 0.00005 | –0.00017 | 0.00001 | 65,020 | 3.4 | 76.2 | 0.5 | 19.9 | 79.6 | 70.7 |
| SA: cost estimation period | |||||||||||||||
| 5 months | 3.74 | 14.78 | –25.68 | 32.47 | –0.00017 | 0.00018 | –0.00051 | 0.00018 | Dominated | 11.7 | 29.3 | 5.4 | 53.6 | 41.0 | 34.2 |
| BA 5 months | –6.21 | 10.04 | –25.73 | 14.54 | –0.00017 | 0.00018 | –0.00051 | 0.00018 | 37,358 | 16.1 | 58.9 | 1.0 | 24.0 | 75.0 | 62.4 |
| SG: <5 years old | |||||||||||||||
| Aged <5 years | 196.91 | 132.94 | –47.60 | 466.99 | –0.00102 | 0.00062 | –0.00221 | 0.00020 | Dominated | 1.4 | 4.2 | 2.6 | 91.8 | 5.6 | 4.5 |
| BA aged <5 years | 35.69 | 85.30 | –137.40 | 195.31 | –0.00102 | 0.00062 | –0.00221 | 0.00020 | Dominated | 2.8 | 30.6 | 1.2 | 65.4 | 33.4 | 26.3 |
CE plane quadrants are SE (less costly, more effective), SW (less costly, less effective), NE (more costly, more effective), NW (more costly, less effective)
BA baseline adjusted, BCa 95% CI bias-corrected and accelerated 95% confidence intervals, bSE bootstrapped standard error, CE cost effectiveness, Dif. Means difference in mean values between trial arms, ICER incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, NE north east, NW north west, QALY quality-adjusted life-year, SA sensitivity analysis, SE south east, SG subgroup analysis, SW south west
aIncremental results are the ‘letter’ group (1) minus the ‘no letter’ group (0)