Table 3.

Comparison of the mean differences of Pender’s Health Promotion Model components before and after intervention in the experimental and control groups

Components		Group	Mean difference	Standard deviation	P value*
Perceived benefits		Intervention	-36.700034	6.55149	<0.001
		Control	-3.37037	3.52098	0.44
Perceived barriers		Intervention	33.19865	7.76374	<0.001
		Control	0.57239	4.2619	0.32
Behavior-related affect	Positive affect	Intervention	45.57576	3.19051	<0.001
		Control	0.77233	5.18488	0.55
	Negative affect	Intervention	16.72278	2.20183	<0.001
		Control	32.99663	6.12223	<0.001
Perceived self-efficacy		Intervention	-34.13580	10.79512	<0.001
		Control	-0.58642	4.30929	0.32
Situational influences		Intervention	4.91944	8.76727	<0.001
		Control	0.45093	3.17567	0.35
Interpersonal influences	Interpersonal norms	Intervention	-27.93266	11.62759	<0.001
		Control	-33.15152	6.72287	<0.001
	Interpersonal modeling	Intervention	-17.42424	7.86376	<0.001
		Control	-26.36364	7.62852	<0.001
Commitment to action		Intervention	-20.64815	7.28584	<0.001
		Control	0.58457	6.34904	0.50
Nutritional behavior		Intervention	-37.33796	5.82795	<0.001
		Control	0.68451	5.34902	0.62

^*Paired t test