Table 1.

Summary of published H. pullorum prevalence data in poultry.

Region	Source	Sample size	Identification	Prevalence	References
Egypt	Poultry (Chickens, Turkey, Ducks)	1,800 (cloacal swabs, cecal swabs and liver)	16S rRNA gene PCR assay	60% (Chickens)	Hassan et al., 2014b
				0% (Turkeys)
				0% (Ducks)
Marmara Turkey	Broiler chickens	96 (cecum and colon)	16S rRNA gene PCR assay	55.21%	Beren and Seyyal, 2013
				32.29% (cecum)
				10.15% (colon)
				15.63% (both)
Ardabil	Broiler chickens	120 (chicken with gastroenteritis)	Biochemical tests (oxidase, catalase, nitrate reduction, urease)	7.5% (cecum)	Shahram et al., 2015
				5% (liver)
Iran	Human fecal samples	100 (gastroenteritis)		2.5% (Thigh)
				6%
	Broiler chickens	100 (cecum)	16SrRNA gene PCR assay	41%	Jamshidi et al., 2014
Belgium	Broiler chickens	110 samples from 11 flocks (gastrointestinal tract and liver)	16S rRNA gene PCR assay	33.6% (cecum)	Ceelen et al., 2006a
				31.8% (colon)
				10.9% (jejunum)
				4.6% (liver)
Belgium	Human fecal samples	531 (Gastroenteritis)	16S rRNA gene PCR assay	4.3% (gastroenteritis)	Ceelen et al., 2005b
		100 (healthy individuals)		4.0% (healthy)
Selangor Malaysia	Broiler and village chickens	89 samples, 32 (village). 57 (Broiler chickens)	16S rRNA gene PCR assay	24.72%	Wai et al., 2012
Libson	Chicken meat	17 samples	16S rRNA gene PCR assay	23.52%	Borges et al., 2015
Italy	Farms (broiler chicken)	169 ceca (30 conventional farms)	Genotyping analysis(AFLP, PFGE)	100% (conventional farms)	Manfreda et al., 2011
		39 ceca (8 organic farms)		100% (organic farms)
		40 ceca (7 free-range farms)		57.1% (free-range farms)
	Farms (Turkeys)	55 (cecum)	16SrRNA gene PCR assay	76.4%	Zanoni et al., 2011
	Broiler chickens and laying hens	60 (cecum)	16SrRNA gene PCR assay	100%	Zanoni et al., 2007