Table 1.
Pediatric venous thromboembolism risk-assessment models.
| Branchford et al. (36) | Sharathkumar et al. (27) | Arlikar et al. (23) | Atchison et al. (49) | Reiter et al. (52)a | Kerlin et al. (50, 53) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pediatric population | All | All | ICU | Non-ICU | ICU | All |
| Study design for score derivation | Retrospective case–control (1:2) | Retrospective case–control (1:2) | Retrospective case–control (1:3) | Retrospective case–control (1:7) | Literature review | Retrospective cohort |
| N | 78:160 | 173:346 | 57:171 | 50:350 | 389 | |
| Validation method | Retrospective case–control (1:1) | Prospective, observational cohort study | Retrospective cohort | |||
| N | 100:100 | 742 | 149 | |||
| Risk factors comprising score | MV Infection LOS ≥ 5 days |
Immobilization | CVC LOS ≥ 4 days Infection |
CVC Infection LOS ≥ 4 days |
CVC | Male gender |
| LOS ≥ 7 days | Immobility >72 h | Asymmetric extremity | ||||
| OCP | Infection | CVC | ||||
| CVC | Orthopedic surgery | Active cancer | ||||
| Bacteremia | Major trauma (ISS > 15) | Alternative diagnosisb | ||||
| Direct ICU admit | Malignancy | |||||
| OCP | ||||||
| Burns >30% BSA | ||||||
| Thrombophilia | ||||||
| Age <1 or >14 years | ||||||
| Obesity | ||||||
| Hypercoagulable state |
ICU, intensive care unit; MV, mechanical ventilation; LOS, length of stay; OCP, oral contraceptive pill; CVC, central venous catheters; ISS, injury severity score; BSA, body surface area.
aIncluded venous and arterial thromboembolism in their study.
bPresence of this factor results in point reduction from score.