Table 3.

Brain activity due to cognitive challenges to static balance control.

Name, year	Balance challenge	Modality	Mobile	Spatial location	Activity
Adkin et al., 2008	Perturbation under postural threat	EEG	No	Cz	Perturbation evoked N100 amplitude
Fujita et al., 2016	Stroop task during bipedal vs. unipedal standing	fNIRS	No	Rt. DLPFC	Increased activation
Huang et al., 2014	Tilt platform using visual feedback	EEG	No	Bi. lat. fronto-central and contralateral sensorimotor areas	Latency and amplitude of N100 for postural control
				Bi. lat. fronto-central and ipsilateral temporal areas	Latency and amplitude of P200 for postural control
				Lt. frontal-central area	MRP for postural control
Lau et al., 2014	Visual oddball response task while standing or walking	EEG	No	Sensorimotor cortex	Effective connectivity
				PFC, posterior parietal cortex, ACC	Effective connectivity
Little and Woollacott, 2015	Visual WM capacity during surface perturbations and walking	EEG	No	Lt. pre-motor and rt. sensory areas	Amplitude of N100 ERP
Mirelman et al., 2014	Walking while counting forward, walking with serial 7's and serial 7's in standing	fNIRS	No	Fp1 and Fp2	Increased activation with increased task difficulty
Quant et al., 2004	Horizontal translations platform with or without a visuomotor track task	EEG	No	Cz	Amplitude of perturbation evoked N100

lt., left; rt., right; bi. lat., bilateral; PFC, prefrontal cortex; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; MRP, movement related potential.