FIG. 1.

Impact of exosomes containing Ebola VP40 on recipient immune cells. Ebola VP40 protein becomes integrated into exosomes with the modulation of ESCRT pathway components. Upon release, these exosomes can be received by immune cells (i.e., T cells). RNAi components, including Drosha, Dicer, and Ago, in both exosome donor and recipient cells can become downregulated. Recipient immune cells can then take part in programmed cell death. Nanoparticles may be used for the concentration of exosomes to detect viral proteins (and potentially RNAs) from samples, including human material using SDS buffer. ESCRT, endosomal sorting complexes required for transport; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate.