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. 2017 Apr 7;8:14790. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14790

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

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The size of the symbiosis effect on successful introductions at different numbers of human uses, using the full dataset. Dots represent the difference in the predicted number of non-native ranges between non-symbiotic and symbiotic species, standardised by dividing by the predicted number of non-native ranges for non-symbiotic species. The standardisation controls for the differences in the predicted number of non-native ranges between different human use levels (determined by the main effect of number of human uses), and makes the interaction easier to visualize. Error bars represent the 95% confidence interval obtained through parametric bootstrapping. The size of the dots is proportional to the number of species in the dataset with that number of human uses, showing that most species had no uses recorded in the dataset (∼70%). The dotted vertical line represents the mean number of human uses across all species in the dataset (0.77). The x-axis is on a square root scale. Negative values mean the symbiotic species are predicted to have a lower prevalence of non-native ranges relative to non-symbiotic species. Apparent non-linearity is due to logit back-transformation.