Figure 4.

Morusin activates AMPK and inhibits mTOR activity. A. ULK1 activation and mTOR inhibition by morusin. HeLa cells were treated with either DMSO or morusin, and subjected to immunoblotting with anti-ULK1, anti-LC3, and anti-phospho S6K antibodies. B and C. AMPK activation by morusin in a time- and dose-dependent manner. B. HeLa cells were treated with either DMSO or morusin, and cells were collected at the indicated time points for immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies. C. HeLa cells were treated with either DMSO or increasing amounts of morusin, and cells were collected after 6 hr of treatment for immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies. D. Inhibition of morusin-induced ULK1 phosphorylation at Ser555 upon compound C treatment. ULK1 phosphorylation levels at Ser555 and Ser757 in cells treated with both morusin and compound C were compared to levels in cells treated with either drug alone. E. Inhibition of mTOR activity by morusin. HeLa cells were treated with morusin or rapamycin, and collected cells were subjected to immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies.