Table 1.

Endocrinological and behavioural consequences of domestication: Comparison between domestic (Cavia apera f. porcellus) and wild guinea pigs (Cavia aperea).

			Comparison domestic/wild animals	References
Endocrine parameters	endocrine stress response	Basal cortisol activity	D=W	27,28,29,32
		HPA reactivity (cortisol)	D<W	27,28,29,32
		Basal SAM activity	D=W	28
		(TH activity)
		SAM reactivity	D<W	27,28,29
		(catecholamines)
	gonadal hormones	Basal HPG activity (testosterone)	D>W	28,32
Behaviour	Courtship	Infantile	not exhibited	33
		Adolescent	D>W	32
		Adult	D>W	27,28,29
	Sociopositive	Infantile	D>W	33
		Adolescent	D>W	32
		Adult	D>W	27,28,29
	Aggressive	Infantile	not exhibited	33
		Adolescent	not studied	–
		Adult	D<W	27,28,29
	Attentive	Infantile	D<W	33
		Adolescent	not studied	–
		Adult	D<W	27,28,29
	Vocalization	Infantile	not studied	–
		Adolescent	not studied	–
		Adult	D>W	28
	Exploration	Infantile	not studied	–
		Adolescent	D<W	32
		Adult	D<W	27,28,29
	Risk-taking	Infantile	not studied	–
		Adolescent	D<W	32
		Adult	not studied	–
	Anxiety-like	Infantile	not studied	–
		Adolescent	D>W	32
		Adult	not studied	–
	Play	Infantile	D=W	33
		Adolescent	not studied	–
		Adult	D>W	94
	Learning and memory	Infantile	not studied	–
		Adolescent	not studied	–
		adult	D>W	30,77
	Maternal behaviour towards offspring		D>W	33

HPA = hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical-system; SAM = sympathetic-adrenomedullary-system; HPG = hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal-system, TH = tyrosine hydroxylase D = domestic guinea pigs, W = wild cavies