Table 2.

miRNAs related to the Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression in insulin resistance.

miRNA∗	Species/tissue	Description	Reference
miR-23a	Dog/skeletal muscle	Downregulated after loss of weight, together with decreased Slc2a4 mRNA	Uribe et al. [106]
miR-29c-3p	Mouse/heart	Upregulated in heart of obese mice, together with decreased GLUT4	Guedes et al. [121]
miR-29a-3p	Rat and mouse/ skeletal muscle	Upregulated in muscle of rats with intrauterine growth restriction; overexpression in C2C12 myocyte decreased GLUT4	Zhou et al. [118]
miR-93-5p	Human/adipose	Upregulated in adipose tissue of women with PCOS and/or IR; overexpression in adipocyte decreased GLUT4	Chen et al. [111]
miR-106b-5p	Rat/skeletal muscle	Upregulated in muscle of rats with T2DM; overexpression in L6 myocyte decreased GLUT4 and glucose uptake	Zhou et al. [114]
miR-107	Dog/skeletal muscle	Downregulated after loss of weight, together with decreased Slc2a4 mRNA	Uribe et al. [106]
miR-133a/b-3p	Rat/heart	Overexpression in cardiomyocyte decreased GLUT4 and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake	Horie et al. [116]
miR-222-3p	Human/adipose	Upregulated in adipose tissue of women with GDM; overexpression in adipocyte decreased Slc2a4 mRNA	Shi et al. [115]
miR-223-3p	Human/adipose	Upregulated in adipose tissue of women with IR; cell overexpression decreased GLUT4 and glucose uptake	Chuang et al. [112]
miR-223-3p	Human and rat/heart	Upregulated in heart of humans with T2DM; overexpression in rat cardiomyocyte increased GLUT4	Lu et al. [113]

^∗The nomenclature of miRNAs is in accordance with the “miRBase Sequence Database-Release 21.” IR, insulin resistance; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus.