Table 1.

Associations between Medical Marijuana Policies and State-Level Hospitalizations Rates Related to Marijuana and Opioid Pain Reliever, State Inpatient Databases 1997–2014.

State-level Explanatory Variable	State-level Outcome Variable: Natural Log of Hospitalization Rates per 1,000 Discharges Point Estimate (95% CI)
	Marijuana Dependence or Abuse		Opioid Dependence or Abuse		Opioid Pain Reliever Overdose
Medical Marijuana Policy	.16	(−.076, .41)	−.23	(−.41, −.068)**	−.13	(−.25, −.018)*
Marijuana Decriminalization Policy	.13	(−.10, .36)	.094	(−.15, .33)	.049	(−.22, .32)
Prescription Drug Monitoring Program	−.088	(−.21, .042)	.020	(−.088, .12)	.027	(−.080, .13)
Pain Clinic Regulation	−.046	(−.17, .078)	.052	(−.12, .23)	−.070	(−.16, .025)
Number of State-Year Observations	382		382		382
Number of Discharges	2,237,916		2,176,326		376,680
R2	.90		.96		.97

Note: The linear regressions also controlled for state and year fixed effects and state-level time-varying covariates including natural log of population size, unemployment rate, natural log of median household income in constant 2014 dollars, natural log of beer tax per gallon in constant 2014 dollars, and health uninsured rate.

^*p<.05,

^**p<.01