Table 1.
| Sepsis-1 | |
|---|---|
| Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response in the presence of infection | |
| SIRS criteria | |
| Temperature > 38°C or < 36°C | |
| Heart rate > 90/minute | |
| Respiratory rate > 20/minute (or PaCO2 < 32 mmHg) | |
| WBC > 12,000/µL or < 4,000/µL (or > 10% immature bands) | |
| Sepsis-2 | |
| General signs and symptoms | Hemodynamic variables |
| Fever (central temperature > 38.3°C) | Arterial hypotension (systolic < 90 mmHg, MAP < 70 mmHg, or systolic reduction > 40 mmHg in adults or < 2 SD of the normal value for age) |
| Hypothermia (central temperature < 36°C) | SvO2 < 70% |
| Heart rate > 90/minute or > 2 SD above the normal value for age | Cardiac index > 3.5 L/min/m2 |
| Tachypnea | Indicators of organ dysfunction |
| Edema or positive fluid balance (> 20 mL/kg 24 hours) | Arterial hypoxemia (PaO2/FiO2 < 300) |
| Hyperglycemia (glycemia > 120 mg/dL) in the absence of diabetes | Abnormal state of consciousness |
| Inflammation markers | Acute oliguria (urine output < 0.5 mL/kg/hour) |
| Leukocytosis (> 12,000/µL) or leukopenia (< 4,000/µL) | Elevated creatinine > 0.5 mg/dL |
| Normal leukocytes but > 10% immature bands | Coagulation disorders (INR > 1.5/aPTT > 60 s) |
| Serum C-reactive protein > 2 SD above the normal value | Thrombocytopenia (< 100,000/µL) |
| Plasma procalcitonin > 2 SD above the normal value | Hyperbilirubinemia (> 4 mg/dL or 70 mmol/L) |
| Indicators of tissue perfusion | |
| Hyperlactatemia (> 1 mmol/L) | |
| Reduced capillary refill and mottled skin | |
SIRS - systemic inflammatory response syndrome; PaCO2 - partial pressure of carbon dioxide; WBC - white blood cells; SD - standard deviation; MAP - mean arterial pressure; SvO2 - venous oxygen saturation; PaO2/FiO2 - partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen; INR - international normalized ratio; aPTT - activated partial prothrombin time.