Table 1.
Characteristics of study group (N = 5,169), stratified by cognitive status and sexa
| Men, N = 2,217 | P-value | Women, N = 2,952 | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | MCI | Dementia | Normal | MCI | Dementia | |||
| N (%) | 1,822 (82.2) | 249 (11.2) | 146 (6.6) | 2,555 (86.6) | 236 (8.0) | 161 (5.5) | ||
| Age, mean (SD) | 75.8 (5.1) | 79.7 (5.6) | 80.2 (5.2) | <0.001 | 75.7 (5.3) | 80.3 (5.5) | 81.4 (5.4) | <0.001 |
| Educational level, N (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Low | 219 (12.0) | 96 (38.6) | 47 (32.2) | 654 (25.6) | 126 (53.4) | 81 (50.3) | ||
| Middle | 967 (53.1) | 130 (52.2) | 78 (53.4) | 1,254 (49.1) | 94 (39.8) | 62 (38.5) | ||
| High | 636 (34.9) | 23 (9.2) | 21 (14.4) | 647 (25.3) | 16 (6.8) | 18 (11.2) | ||
| Type 2 diabetes, N (%) | 275 (15.1) | 36 (14.5) | 29 (19.9) | 0.28 | 237 (9.3) | 26 (11.0) | 15 (9.3) | 0.68 |
| Depression, N (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| No | 1,665 (91.4) | 205 (82.3) | 97 (66.4) | 2,268 (88.8) | 200 (84.7) | 121 (75.2) | ||
| Yes | 78 (4.3) | 31 (12.4) | 23 (15.8) | 169 (6.6) | 24 (10.2) | 24 (14.9) | ||
| Unknown | 79 (4.3) | 13 (5.2) | 26 (17.8) | 118 (4.6) | 12 (5.1) | 16 (9.9) | ||
| Late-life BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 26.9 (3.8) | 26.6 (4.0) | 26.5 (3.7) | 0.36 | 27.3 (4.8) | 27.0 (4.8) | 26.0 (4.7) | 0.004 |
| Smoking, N (%) | 0.02 | 0.57 | ||||||
| Never | 497 (27.3) | 89 (35.7) | 51 (34.9) | 1,344 (52.6) | 130 (55.1) | 84 (52.2) | ||
| Former | 1,118 (61.4) | 132 (53.0) | 78 (53.4) | 893 (35.0) | 72 (30.5) | 53 (32.9) | ||
| Current | 207 (11.4) | 28 (11.2) | 17 (11.6) | 318 (12.4) | 34 (14.4) | 24 (14.9) | ||
| Hypertension, N (%) | 1,448 (79.5) | 212 (85.1) | 118 (80.8) | 0.11 | 2,059 (80.6) | 205 (86.9) | 137 (85.1) | 0.03 |
| HDLb (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 52.51 (44.40–62.55) | 50.58 (43.05–61.00) | 50.58 (43.24–65.06) | 0.06 | 64.86 (54.83–76.83) | 63.90 (52.51–75.29) | 61.78 (50.97–72.78) | 0.05 |
| Triglyceridesb (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 88.50 (66.37–123.01) | 95.58 (69.03–137.17) | 93.36 (69.03–123.89) | 0.10 | 93.81 (70.80–130.09) | 98.67 (72.79–128.98) | 97.35 (71.24–134.96) | 0.44 |
| TG/HDL ratiob, median (IQR) | 1.71 (1.11–2.62) | 1.79 (1.21–2.82) | 1.74 (1.13–2.76) | 0.04 | 1.47 (0.98–2.24) | 1.62 (0.97–2.35) | 1.50 (1.02–2.50) | 0.16 |
| Hs-CRPb (mg/l), median (IQR) | 1.80 (0.90–3.50) | 1.80 (0.90–3.55) | 1.90 (1.10–4.30) | 0.07 | 2.00 (1.00–4.00) | 1.80 (1.00–4.38) | 2.00 (1.00–3.90) | 0.65 |
| Change in weight (%) from midlife, mean (SD) | 2.77 (11.13) | 1.26 (11.41) | −0.97 (11.44) | <0.001 | 5.95 (13.55) | 1.49 (15.56) | −3.15 (14.66) | <0.001 |
| Midlife BMI, N (%) | 0.37 | 0.01 | ||||||
| Low-normal (<25 kg/m2) | 827 (45.4) | 108 (43.4) | 58 (39.7) | 1,499 (58.7) | 121 (51.5) | 78 (48.4) | ||
| Overweight-obese (≥25 kg/m2) | 995 (54.6) | 141 (56.6) | 88 (60.3) | 1,056 (41.3) | 115 (48.5) | 83 (51.6) | ||
| Stroke, N (%) | 128 (7.0) | 23 (9.2) | 26 (17.8) | <0.001 | 151 (5.9) | 27 (11.4) | 17 (10.6) | 0.001 |
| APOE ε4 allele carriers, N (%) | 532 (29.2) | 66 (26.5) | 69 (47.3) | <0.001 | 673 (26.3) | 70 (29.7) | 55 (34.2) | 0.06 |
Abbreviations: APOE ε4, apolipoprotein E epsilon 4; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; TG/HDL, triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio.
aDifferences between groups were tested by using ANOVA for continuous variables or Chi-square tests for categorical variables.
bP-values are derived from analysis with log-transformed outcomes.