Fig. 1.

Experimental study design. The rats were selected randomly and assigned to five groups. One group served as the control and was fed a normal diet (ND). The other four groups were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 45% kcal from fat for 11 wk without ginseng berry (GB). Three of the HFD groups were additionally treated by gastric gavage with ginseng berry hot water extract (GBx) dissolved in distilled water at 50 (GBx 50) mg/kg, 100 (GBx 100) mg/kg, and 150 (GBx 150) mg/kg body weight for 6 wk.