Fig. 5.

Effects of Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in HaCaT cells. Phosphorylation of MAPKs (A, B) and the phosphorylation of IκBα and translocation of NF-κB (C, D) were assayed by a Western blot analysis. HaCaT cells (1 × 10⁶ cells/well) were incubated with various concentrations of RGE and stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 50 nM) + A23187 (1 μM) for 30 min (A, B) or 2 h (C, D). C, cytosol extracts; N, nuclear extracts. (B, D) Densitometry analyses presented as relative ratios of total protein (B) or housekeeping protein (D) were used as a loading control. The data shown are representative of three independent experiments. Values represent the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 versus blank and **p < 0.05 versus tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) + interferon (IFN)-γ alone.