Fig. 6.
Effects of Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) on chemokine expression and proinflammatory cytokine production in HMC-1 cells. (A) HMC-1 cells (1 × 104 cells/well) were treated with RGE (0.01–1 mg/mL) for 24 h and the cell viability was analyzed with a MTS assay. (B) The mRNA level of chemokines was assayed by a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. (C–F) The production levels of interleukin (IL)-1β (C), IL-6 (D), IL-8 (E), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (F) were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. HMC-1 cells (2 × 105 cells/well) were pretreated with RGE for 1 h and were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 50 nM) + A23187 (1 μM) for 8 h. Values represent the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 versus blank and **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01, ****p < 0.001 versus PMA + A23187 alone.