Table 1. Participants of EPIC-InterAct, UK Biobank and DIAGRAM.
| Variable | EPIC-InterAct | UK Biobank | DIAGRAM | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type 2 diabetes | Subcohort (non-cases) | Type 2 diabetes | Controls | Type 2 diabetes | Controls | |
| Country | Multiple European countries | United Kingdom | Europe and United Statesc | |||
| Genotyping chip | Illumina 660w quad and Illumina CoreExome chip | Affymetrix UK Biobank Axiom Array | Multipled | |||
| Imputation panel | Haplotype Reference Consortium | 1000 Genomes Phase 3 plus UK10K | HapMap | |||
| Number | 10,071a | 12,423a | 6,627 | 143,765 | 34,840 | 114,981 |
| Age, mean years (SD) | 56 (8) | 52 (9) | 60 (7) | 56 (8) | 59 (10) | 54 (14) |
| Female sex, N (%) | 5,037 (50) | 7,713 (62) | 2,349 (35) | 77,397 (54) | 14,621 (42) | 60,377 (53) |
| Smoking status, current smokers N (%) | 2,830 (28) | 3,240 (26) | 811 (12) | 18,149 (13) | NA | NA |
| BMI in kg/m2, mean (SD) | 29.7 (4.8) | 25.8 (4.1) | 31.9 (5.9) | 27.3 (4.7) | 29.7 (5.9) | 26.5 (4.5) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.92 (0.09) | 0.85 (0.09) | 0.95 (0.08) | 0.87 (0.09) | NA | NA |
| Systolic blood pressure in mmHg, mean (SD) | 144 (20) | 132 (19) | 141 (17) | 138 (19) | NA | NA |
| Diastolic blood pressure in mmHg, mean (SD) | 87 (11) | 82 (11) | 82 (10) | 82 (10) | NA | NA |
| LDL cholesterol in mmol/L, mean (SD) | 4.0 (1) | 3.8 (1) | NAb | NAb | NA | NA |
| HDL cholesterol in mmol/L, mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | NAb | NAb | NA | NA |
| Triglycerides in mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.7 (1.2-2.5) | 1.1 (0.8-1.6) | NAb | NAb | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: N, number of participants; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not available.
A total of 9,308 type 2 diabetes cases and 11,523 non-cases were included in the main analysis of the association of genetic variants with type 2 diabetes after the exclusion of participants overlapping with DIAGRAM.
Blood lipids concentrations are being measured in the UK Biobank study, with data release currently planned for the end of 2016.
DIAGRAM had a small South Asian component accounting for 2.44% of participants.
Affymetrix Human SNP Array 6.0; Illumina HumanHap 300, 300/370 and 550; Affymetrix Genechip 500K & MIPS 50K; Cardio-Metabolchip.