BMA-155Cl regulates autophagy and apoptosis through NF-κB p65 pathway in vitro. (A) Relative expressions of mRNA were determined by relative quantification real-time PCR. All mRNA levels were normalized to GAPDH mRNA levels. Western blot and its quantification results indicated that BMA-155Cl enhanced levels of NF-κB p65, Bax, Beclin-1, LC3B, p53, p-p53 proteins, whereas decreased the levels of IκB and Bcl-2 proteins in a dose-dependent manner (B) and in a time-dependent manner (C). (D) Pretreatment with pepstatin A (10 μg/mL) for 1 h enhanced LC3B level comparing with the 10 μmol/L BMA-155Cl treatment alone for 24 h. (E) The inhibition of NF-κB p65 (with BAY 11-7082) decreased the levels of p53, p-p53, LC3B, and Bax, whereas increased the levels of Bcl-2 in BMA-155Cl-treated cells. (F) The decreased NF-κB p65 levels in cytoplasm but not in nucleus and its corresponding histograms. All data were expressed as the mean±SD of triplicate independent experiments.