Table 4.
Bone quality and muscle strength
| Parameter | Control | Intervention | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Baseline (n=16) |
Final (n=16) |
% Change | Baseline (n=19) |
Final (n=16) |
% Change | |
| Whole Body Bone | ||||||
| Area (cm2) | 55.8 ± 5.6 | 55.4 ± 6.1 | −0.8 ± 2.5 | 58.6 ± 3.7 | 58.9 ± 3.9 | 0.5 ± 1.3b |
| BMC (g) | 52.5 ± 9.1 | 51.9 ± 9.3 | −1.4 ± 3.7 | 54.6 ± 7.5 | 54.6 ± 8.0 | −0.1 ± 5.4 |
| BMD (g/cm2) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | −0.6 ± 2.4 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | −0.6 ± 4.8 |
|
| ||||||
| Cortical Bone | ||||||
| Density (mg/cm3) | 1159.9 ± 38.5 | 1153.6 ± 37.8a | −0.4 ± 0.7 | 1153.2 ± 32.0 | 1163.4 ± 32.6 | 0.3 ± 0.8b |
| Area (mm2) | 262.6 ± 31.3 | 262.3 ± 31.5 | 0.3 ± 1.4 | 283.9 ± 30.4 | 282.2 ± 31.9 | −0.4 ± 0.8 |
| Periosteal circ. (mm) | 66.1 ± 4.1 | 66.4 ± 3.9a | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 68.9 ± 3.6b | 68.9 ± 3.6 | 0.07 ± 0.3 |
| Endosteal circ. (mm) | 32.9 ± 3.8 | 33.3 ± 3.7a | 1.2 ± 1.6 | 34.6 ± 4.1 | 34.7 ± 4.2 | 0.3 ± 0.9 |
|
| ||||||
| Muscle Strength | ||||||
| Leg Press (lbs) | 235.9 ± 47.1 | 252.2 ± 60.4 | 7.8 ± 21.7 | 261.0 ± 64.3 | 266.2 ± 68.2 | 5.7 ± 11.6 |
| Bench Press (lbs) | 60.0 ± 17.8 | 63.7 ± 21.4 | 9.2 ± 35.2 | 75.3 ± 19.7b | 81.9 ± 21.9 | 12.5 ± 23.1 |
Bone Mineral content (BMC), Bone Mineral Density (BMD), circumference (circ); values are presented as mean ± SD;
a
P < 0.05 within group,
b
P < 0.05 between groups.