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. 2017 Mar 9;8(3):e2657. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2017.78

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

Cell Death and Disease is an open-access journal published by Nature Publishing Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Autophagy is responsible for macrophage apoptosis in response to silica. MTT assay results showing that 3-MA mitigated the decrease in cell viability induced by SiO₂ (a); however, rapamycin aggravated the decrease (b). Data are presented as the mean±SEM (n=5); *P<0.05; **P<0.01 versus the control group; ^#P<0.05; ^##P<0.01 versus the SiO₂ group (two-way ANOVA). (c and d) Representative images of Hoechst 33342 staining demonstrating that the apoptosis of U937 cells induced by SiO₂ was attenuated by 3-MA but was further enhanced by rapamycin. Scale bar=10 μm. Data are presented as the mean±S.E.M. (n=5); **P<0.01 versus the control group; ^#P<0.05; ^##P<0.01 versus the SiO₂ group (two-way ANOVA)