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Model of potential TFF3-induced signalling pathways mediating miR-491-5p/PRINS-axis. Based on our results and data from literature the following modes of TFF3 action can be postulated. Potential binding of TFF3 to CXCR4 is considered to signal through PI3K/AKT, small Rho-GTPases, PLCG/PKC or β-arrestin-ERK. While our studies have demonstrated PI3K/AKT to act via miR-491-5p/PRINS to trigger apoptosis, other CXCR4-dependent signalling cascades remain to be explored
