Table 1.
Serial no. | Types of cancer | Pathways affected by curcumin
|
Drugs normally given in combination | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Upregulated | Downregulated | ||||
1. | Breast cancer | p53-dependent BAX pathway, mitotic spindle disruption | LOX pathway, MMP-9 pathway, and metastasis | Doxorubicin, brentuximab, carboplatin, vinblastine | 8,59,63,89–95 |
2. | Lung cancer | P21/Apaf/caspase 9 pathway of apoptosis | STAT1, NAT pathway, and FPTase-mediated cell growth | Gemcitabine, topotecan, pertuzumab | 8,59,63,74,95–99 |
3. | Colorectal cancer | JNK, p38MAPK pathway, TRAIL-induced apoptosis | Notch1 pathway, COX-2-mediated cell renewal | 5-Fluorouracil, trastuzumab | 8,59,62,63,99–105 |
4. | Leukemia | Caspase-3 and -8, P27 KIP-1 pathway | Cyclin D and NF-κB-mediated cell division | Methotrexate, bosutinib | 8,59,63,106–110, 111 |
5. | Prostate cancer | BIM-mediated apoptosis, BAX pathway | NF-κB-induced growth, AKT pathway, and cell division | Vinorelbine, cobimetinib | 8,59,62,112–117, 118 |
6. | Cervical and uterine cancers | BAD-mediated apoptosis | ETS-1 production, NF-κB, and AP-1 pathways | Cisplatin, carboplatin | 8,59,62,119–123 |
7. | Oral cancer | P450 pathway and apoptosis | COX-2 pathway and cell renewal | Radiation, faslodex | 8,59,62,80,124,125 |
8. | Lymphoma | BAX and BIM pathways | JAK-STAT, tyrosine kinase, and AKT pathways | Doxorubicin, methotrexate | 8,59,62,113, 126–128,111 |
Abbreviations: COX, cyclooxygenase; MMP, matrix metalloprotease; LOX, lipoxygenase; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; NAT, arylamine N-acetyltransferase; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; AP-1, activating protein1; STAT, signal transducers and activators of transcription; FPTase, farnesyl protein transferase; JAK, janus kinase; JNK, c-jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase.