Table 1.
Comparison of patients’ characteristics between AML patients with and without CNS involvement at diagnosis
| AML patients at diagnosis n=3,261
|
p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with CNS involvement at initial diagnosis n=21 | Patients without CNS involvement at initial diagnosis n=3,240 | ||
| Trials | |||
| AML96, n | 16 | 1,632 | |
| AML2003, n | 3 | 1,156 | |
| AML60+, n | 2 | 452 | NA |
| Gender, n (%) | |||
| Female | 12 (57) | 1,630 (50) | 0.496 |
| Male | 9 (43) | 1,610 (50) | |
| Median age at diagnosis, years (range) | 54 (22–77) | 57 (15–87) | 0.904 |
| Median WBC log mean ×109/L (range)* | 1.13 (0.14–2.41) | 1.06 (0–2.67) | 0.054 |
| Median platelets log mean ×109/L (range)* | 1.9 (1.04–2.37) | 1.72 (0–3.12) | 0.334 |
| FAB classification at diagnosis, n (%) | |||
| M0 | 1 (5) | 160 (5) | 0.962 |
| M1 | 4 (19) | 702 (22) | 0.754 |
| M2 | 5 (24) | 963 (30) | 0.536 |
| M4 | 3 (14) | 509 (16) | 0.843 |
| M5 | 8 (38) | 438 (14) | 0.001 |
| M6 | 0 (0) | 103 (3) | 0.404 |
| M7 | 0 (0) | 22 (1) | 0.703 |
| Complex aberrant cytogenetic karyotype, n (%) | 6 (29) | 398 (12) | 0.025 |
| Cytogenetic risk, n (%) | |||
| Adverse | 7 (33) | 695 (22) | 0.239 |
| Intermediate | 14 (67) | 2,331 (72) | |
| Favorable | 0 (0) | 214 (7) | |
| LDH log U/L (range)* | 2.81 (2.16–3.86) | 2.56 (0.38–4.22) | 0.008 |
| Extramedullary AML other than CNS, n (%) | 13 (62) | 344 (11) | 0.001 |
| FLT3–ITD positive, n (%) | 8 (44) | 611 (21) | 0.017 |
| NPM1 mut, n (%) | 8 (50) | 834 (30) | 0.078 |
| FLT3–ITD/NPM1, n (%) | |||
| FLT3–ITD neg/NPM1 neg | 7 (44) | 1,668 (60) | |
| FLT3–ITD neg/NPM1 pos | 1 (6) | 265 (10) | 0.002 |
| FLT3–ITD pos/NPM1 neg | 1 (6) | 494 (18) | |
| FLT3–ITD pos/NPM1 pos | 7 (44) | 335 (12) | |
| Complete remission (including CRi), n (%) | 10 (48) | 2,317 (72) | 0.016 |
| Allogeneic stem cell transplantation, n (%) | 6 (29) | 556 (17) | 0.045 |
Note:
*
Calculated as base 10 logarithms.
Abbreviations: AML, acute myeloid leukemia; CNS, central nervous system; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase activity; ITD, internal tandem duplication; FAB, French–American–British; NA, not applicable; pos, positive; neg, negative; mut, mutation; WBC, white blood cell.