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. 2017 Feb 15;58(4):576–585. doi: 10.1111/epi.13703

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Expression of PXR, GR, and CYP3A4 in human epileptic brains. (A–C1) NRs were found at the blood–brain barrier interface and in neurons in epileptic brains (n = 5). Magnification of gliotic regions (**) and GFAP+ staining on a resected human epileptic brain showed increased expression of NRs (PXRs, GRs), and CYP3A4. This staining pattern was less evident in nongliotic regions (*). Note: The indicators for neurons are depicted as arrowheads and those for capillaries as yellow arrows. Co‐localization was evaluated with neuronal markers (NeuN, A,B) and glial markers (GFAP, A1–B1 and C–C1). (A–A2) PXR expression was observed at the vascular interface (A–A1, yellow arrows) and in neurons (A and A2). (B–B2) A similar pattern was found for GR expression across the epileptic brain slices. (A2,B2) Co‐localization of GR or PXR staining with CYP3A4 was found in regions of reactive gliosis (**). (C,C1) Representative images of brain samples from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy show GR staining in regions of reactive gliosis (**).