Figure 6.

Schematic representation of potential PXR‐GR and CYP regulation in human EPI‐ECs. (A) Pathophysiologic factors, drugs, and disease etiology may affect the basal expression levels of PXR and GR in EPI‐ECs. These, in turn, could regulate specific CYPs levels (CYP3A4, CYP2E1, and CYP2C9), possibly partaking to drug resistance in epilepsy. (B) The PXR/GR expression pattern and CYP regulation in EPI‐ECs suggests that GRs could possibly be a master controller of PXRs (Fig. 4 and as described earlier in hepatocytes5). GRs directly regulate CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and PXR expression in EPI‐ECs.