Table 1.
Demographics and co-morbidities of the patient population (n=56)
| Demographics | |
|---|---|
| Age, mean(SD)[range] | 61(10) [34–87] |
| Race, white, n (%) black, n (%) |
25 (44.6) 31 (55.4) |
| Gender, male, n (%) | 49 (87.5) |
| Ethnicity, Hispanic, n (%) | 12 (21.4) |
| Smoking, former, n (%) current, n (%) |
20 (35.7) 26 (46.4) |
| Co-morbidities, n (%) | |
| Hypertension | 41 (73.2) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 34 (60.7) |
| Diabetes | 15 (26.8) |
| Arthritis | 27 (48.2) |
| Sleep apnea | 12 (21.4) |
| Benign prostatic hypertrophy | 12 (21.4) |
| Medication use, n (%) | |
| Analgesics | 34 (60.7) |
| Antidepressants | 25 (44.6) |
| Anxiolytics | 27 (48.2) |
| Antihistamine | 7 (12.5) |
| Beta blocker | 12 (21.4) |
| DE symptoms, mean(SD)[range] | |
| Dry eye questionnaire 5 | 11.4 (4.9) [0–20] |
| Ocular surface disease index | 35.35 (23.09) [0–88.63] |
| Ocular pain, mean(SD)[range] | |
| NRS | 3.39 (2.72) [0–9] |
| NPSI-Eye total | 20.9 (22.2) [0–78] |
| Burning spontaneous pain | 3.1 (3.3) [0–10] |
| Wind hyperalgesia | 3.0 (3.4) [0–10] |
| Light allodynia | 3.4 (3.4) [0–10] |
| Ocular signs*, mean(SD)[range] | |
| Osmolarity, mOsm/L | 304.9 (13.6) [287–360] |
| Tear break up time, seconds | 12.1 (5.1) [4–30] |
| Corneal staining | 1.1 (1.7) [0–6] |
| Schirmer’s test, mm wetting at 5 minutes | 15.9 (7.5) [3–32] |
| Meibum quality | 1.7 (1.3) [0–4] |
| Eyelid vascularity | 0.5 (0.7) [0–2] |
| Corneal sensitivity*, mean(SD)[range] | |
| Detection thresholds, mL/min | 89.7 (36.2) [20–160] |
| Pain thresholds, mL/min | 232.0 (103.7) [50–410] |
| Functional slit lamp parameters*, mean(SD)[range] | |
| Baseline velocity, mm/s | 0.50 (0.15) [0.24–0.85] |
| Post air stimulus velocity, mm/s | 0.55 (0.17) [0.26–0.96] |
| Network complexity | 1.64 (0.04) [1.52–1.69] |
| Venule diameter, μm | 22.13 (1.84) [17.13–27.13] |
NRS=numerical rating scale, average ocular pain intensity, 1 week recall; NPSI-Eye=neuropathic pain symptom inventory modified for the eye; SD=standard deviation;
*
values from right eye