FIG. 2.

Brefeldin A inhibits the cytopathic effects of GP in cell culture and in porcine arteries. (A) Effect of brefeldin A on Ebola virus GP cytopathicity. HUVEC cells were infected by ADV-ΔE1 or ADV-GP at an MOI of 500. At 6 h after infection, brefeldin A was added (+) or the cells were left untreated (−). At 16 h after infection, pictures were taken. The percentage of rounding was calculated by counting the cells of three slides. (B) Cultured porcine arteries infected with ADV-GP. Peroxidase perfusion analysis to determine permeability changes was performed in the absence (None) (0 ng/ml) or presence (Brefeldin A) of brefeldin A treatment (100 ng/ml) as described in Materials and Methods. (C) Scanning electron micrograph of porcine arteries infected with ADV-GP and treated with brefeldin A (Brefeldin A) or left untreated (None). Vessels were infected with ADV-GP as described in Materials and Methods and processed for scanning electron microscopy (11).