Table 3.

Colonic ammonia concentration and fermentation products for Days 4 and 8 post-inoculation (PI) in Salmonella and ETEC K88 trials.

	Treatmentsa						P-value
	Days PI	CN	CP	NN	NP	RSDb	Challenge	Probiotic	Interaction
TRIAL 1: Salmonella
NH3(mmol/L)	4	12.44	10.46	9.34	7.3	4.051	0.094	0.271	0.987
	8	12.5	12.49	10.19	7.03	5.165	0.097	0.488	0.489
SCFA (mmol/kg)	4	116.5	90.2	123.3	141.3	17.49	<0.001	0.587	0.008
	8	142.3	129.9	131.5	142.1	16.95	0.925	0.905	0.131
Lactic acid (mmol/kg)	4	2.48	4.48	2.45	2.3	6.926	0.717	0.762	0.723
	8	1.18	3.59	0.9	3.58	4.982	0.948	0.251	0.949
TRIAL 2: ETEC K88
NH3(mmol/L)	4	14.3	13.5	20.3	14.0	4.67	0.122	0.093	0.197
	9	15.2	27.6	16.7	18.5	11.52	0.457	0.168	0.300
SCFA (mmol/kg)	4	130.7	124.2	113.9	130.4	14.57	0.409	0.435	0.082
	9	147.3	142.0	123.5	136.0	22.00	0.133	0.711	0.363
Lactic acid (mmol/kg)	4	9.05	4.14	7.65	3.02	7.37	0.698	0.151	0.965
	9	2.87	1.65	7.02	2.97	3.75	0.107	0.120	0.392

^aTreatments: CN, challenged + no probiotic; CP, challenged + probiotic; NN, no challenge + no probiotic; NP, no challenge + probiotic.

^bResidual standard deviation. n = 8 for groups CN and CP, n = 4 for groups NN and NP.