Table 5.

Histological determinations in ileum on Day 4 PI in Salmonella and ETEC K88 trials.

	Treatmentsa					P-value
Day 4 PI	CN	CP	NN	NP	RSDb	Challenge	Probiotic	Interaction
TRIAL 1: Salmonella
Villus height (μm)	186	141	250	296	46.9	<0.001	0.992	0.361
Crypt depth (μm)	244	245	206	218	24.5	0.007	0.562	0.581
Ratio Villus:Crypt	0.78	0.58	1.22	1.37	0.242	<0.001	0.818	0.107
IELc (N° cel/100 μm)	2.09	2.03	0.75	1.44	1.027	0.042	0.482	0.407
TRIAL 2: ETEC K88
Villus height (μm)	224	223	252	260	49.7	0.152	0.886	0.818
Crypt depth (μm)	205	213	187	207	20.7	0.194	0.144	0.504
Ratio Villus:Crypt	1.11	1.05	1.34	1.25	0.258	0.066	0.524	0.877
IELc (N° cel/100 μm)	2.64	2.74	1.79	2.36	0.420	0.004	0.091	0.224

^aTreatments: CN, challenged + no probiotic; CP, challenged + probiotic; NN, no challenge + no probiotic; NP, no challenge + probiotic.

^bResidual standard deviation. n = 8 for groups CN and CP, n = 4 for groups NN and NP.

^cIEL = Villus intraepithelial lymphocytes.