Figure 3.

Effects of DPP4 inhibitors on cell growth of immortalized human podocytes and mesangial cells. (A) Immortalized human podocytes and mesangial cells were exposed to either vehicle alone (control) or linagliptin (30 nM; 1–5 days), and cell growth was measured by a colorimetric assay. (B) Immortalized human podocytes were exposed to vehicle alone (control) or increasing concentrations of either linagliptin (0.01–100 nM; 5 days) or sitagliptin (0.01–1000 nM; 5 days), and cell growth was measured as described above. To set the Y axis, all data were normalized to the mean value of the control group (0%). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of six experiments run in triplicate for each experimental group. *P < 0.05 versus control group.