Table 10.

Beer frequency and intensity demand equation estimates, females

	All drinkers		Binge drinkers
	Frequency	Intensity	Frequency	Intensity
Linear time trend	−0.09	0.03	−0.09	0.08
	(0.05)	(0.02)	(0.06)	(0.07)
Alcohol duty change 08	−0.14	0.08	−0.17	0.25
	(0.14)	(0.06)	(0.17)	(0.19)
INCOME1 (reference)
INCOME2	0.33	−0.07	0.51	−0.43
	(0.22)	(0.10)	(0.33)	(0.36)
INCOME3	0.75	−0.24	0.59	−0.60
	(0.51)	(0.23)	(0.42)	(0.46)
INCOME4	1.08	−0.39	1.02	−1.02
	(0.68)	(0.31)	(0.63)	(0.70)
INCOME5	1.30	−0.54	1.24	−1.40
	(0.82)	(0.37)	(0.81)	(0.89)
INCOME6	1.49	−0.63	1.39	−1.56
	(0.94)	(0.43)	(0.88)	(0.97)
COMPULSORY SCHOOL (reference)
COLLEGE	0.53	−0.22	0.69	−0.77
	(0.34)	(0.16)	(0.43)	(0.47)
UNIVERSITY	0.35	−0.26**	0.33*	−0.45**
	(0.24)	(0.11)	(0.20)	(0.22)
LNAGE	−0.73	−0.52**	−2.66	2.13
	(0.46)	(0.21)	(1.70)	(1.87)
EMP (reference)
INACTIVE	−1.18	0.47	−1.13	1.39
	(0.79)	(0.36)	(0.83)	(0.92)
UNEMP	0.13	0.12	0.28	−0.04
	(0.16)	(0.07)	(0.22)	(0.25)
STUDENT	0.40	−0.15	0.39	−0.48
	(0.27)	(0.12)	(0.28)	(0.31)
COHABIT	0.19	−0.25***	−0.55	0.46
	(0.12)	(0.05)	(0.37)	(0.40)
IMR	4.35	−2.00	3.67	−4.04
	(2.87)	(1.32)	(2.36)	(2.60)
CONSTANT	−2.32	5.65***	4.38**	0.46
	(2.21)	(1.02)	(2.20)	(2.42)
Participation observations	67,601	67,601	67,601	67,601
Freq/intens observations	17,148	17,148	6117	6117
Proportion drink/binge	25 %	25 %	9 %	9 %

Results are conditional on beer drinking participation. Reference categories are income <10,000 sek, compulsory schooling, employed, and living alone. Alcohol duty change is a dummy set to one after January 1, 2008, when there was a change in beer and wine excise duties. Month dummies to capture resampling effects and seasonality and regional dummies are included in all models (reference categories: Stockholm and January). Testing the null of no effect: *** p < 0.01; ** p < 0.05; * p < 0.1