Table 2.

Beer frequency and intensity demand equation estimates, males

	All drinkers		Binge drinkers
	Frequency	Intensity	Frequency	Intensity
Linear time trend	−0.01	−0.00	−0.02*	0.01
	(0.00)	(0.00)	(0.01)	(0.01)
Alcohol duty change 08	−0.05**	0.04***	−0.07**	0.07***
	(0.02)	(0.01)	(0.03)	(0.02)
INCOME1 (reference)
INCOME2	0.07	0.00	0.12*	−0.06
	(0.04)	(0.03)	(0.06)	(0.05)
INCOME3	0.23***	−0.03	0.28***	−0.14**
	(0.07)	(0.06)	(0.09)	(0.07)
INCOME4	0.37***	−0.02	0.46***	−0.23**
	(0.11)	(0.08)	(0.14)	(0.10)
INCOME5	0.47***	−0.08	0.56***	−0.36***
	(0.12)	(0.09)	(0.16)	(0.12)
INCOME6	0.48***	−0.16*	0.57***	−0.47***
	(0.13)	(0.09)	(0.15)	(0.12)
COMPULSORY SCHOOL (reference)
COLLEGE	0.07***	−0.01	0.15***	−0.11***
	(0.03)	(0.02)	(0.05)	(0.04)
UNIVERSITY	−0.02	−0.14***	0.01	−0.18***
	(0.02)	(0.01)	(0.02)	(0.02)
LNAGE	−0.15*	−0.83***	−0.54**	−0.25
	(0.08)	(0.06)	(0.24)	(0.18)
EMP (reference)
INACTIVE	−0.12**	−0.17***	−0.29**	0.04
	(0.05)	(0.04)	(0.12)	(0.09)
UNEMP	0.05	0.08***	0.03	0.09**
	(0.03)	(0.02)	(0.05)	(0.04)
STUDENT	−0.02	−0.10***	−0.07	−0.03
	(0.03)	(0.02)	(0.05)	(0.04)
COHABIT	−0.02	−0.20***	−0.11***	−0.11***
	(0.01)	(0.01)	(0.03)	(0.03)
IMR	0.58**	−0.18	0.97***	−0.71***
	(0.25)	(0.19)	(0.34)	(0.26)
CONSTANT	1.25***	4.86***	2.24***	3.59***
	(0.08)	(0.06)	(0.48)	(0.36)
Participation observations	59,251	59,251	59,251	59,251
Freq/intens observations	35,650	35,650	19,297	19,297
Proportion drink/binge	60 %	60 %	33 %	33 %

Results are conditional on beer drinking participation. Reference categories are income <10,000 sek, compulsory schooling, employed, and living alone. Alcohol duty change is a dummy set to one after January 1, 2008, when there was a change in beer and wine excise duties. Month dummies to capture resampling effects and seasonality and regional dummies are included in all models (reference categories: Stockholm and January). Testing the null of no effect: *** p < 0.01; ** p < 0.05; * p < 0.1