Table 2.
Adjusted percent difference in urinary flame retardant metabolite concentrations as a function of sociodemographic predictors
| Urinary flame retardant metabolite during pregnancya | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| BCEP | BDCPP | DPhP | |
| Predictors | % diff (95% CI) | % diff (95% CI) | % diff (95% CI) |
| Maternal Age | −0.7 (−10, 9.6) | −3.8 (−10.9, 3.9) | −2.2 (−6.9, 2.8) |
| Maternal Weight (kg) | 1.1 (0.1, 2.1)** | 1.5 (0.3, 2.7)** | 0.5 (0.0, 1.1)* |
| Maternal Race | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) |
| Other | −23.4 (−67.4, 80) | 18.1 (−31.6, 103.8) | 10.4 (−31.5, 77.9) |
| Maternal Education | |||
| High School or Less | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) |
| Tech school/Some College | 3.9 (−52.9, 129.2) | −40.1 (−65.7, 4.5)* | −0.3 (−36.5, 56.6) |
| Bachelor's or more | −29.6 (−76.1, 107.3) | −43.7 (−75.5, 29.7) | 8.7 (−33.0, 76.5) |
| p-trend = 0.57 | p-trend = 0.14 | p-trend = 0.74 | |
| Household Incomeb | −0.9 (−8.0, 6.6) | 3.4 (−4.8, 12.2) | 1.1 (−3.6, 6.0) |
| Parity | |||
| Nulliparous | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) |
| Parous | −1.7 (−42.6, 68.6) | 64.1 (5.2, 155.9)** | 13.6 (−21.7, 64.6) |
| Gestational weekc | 1.4 (−0.3, 3.1)* | 1.2 (0.0, 2.4)* | 0.9 (−0.1, 1.9)* |
*p < 0.10, **p < 0.05
a Percent difference estimated from multivariable linear mixed models using continuous age at delivery (years), pre-pregnancy weight (kg), household income (dollars), gestational week at urine collection, and indicator variables for race/ethnicity, education, and parity to predict repeated measures of log(2)-transformed specific gravity standardized concentration of a flame retardant metabolites
b Estimates represent $10,000 increase in household income
c Participants contributed up to three urine samples during pregnancy at 12, 28, and 35 weeks’ gestation on average